PZP, the restricted use pesticide for wild horses, is problematic

Posted on June 17, 2014 by Protect Mustangs

Photo credit: Eduardo Amorim / Foter.com / CC BY-NC-SA

Immunocontraception in Wild Horses (Equus caballus) Extends Reproductive Cycling Beyond the Normal Breeding Season

by Cassandra M. V. Nuñez, James S. Adelman, Daniel I. Rubenstein

Background

Although the physiological effects of immunocontraceptive treatment with porcine zona pellucida (PZP) have been well studied, little is known about PZP’s effects on the scheduling of reproductive cycling. Recent behavioral research has suggested that recipients of PZP extend the receptive breeding period into what is normally the non-breeding season.

Methodology/Principal Findings

To determine if this is the case, we compiled foaling data from wild horses (Equus caballus) living on Shackleford Banks, North Carolina for 4 years pre- and 8 years post-contraception management with PZP (pre-contraception, n = 65 births from 45 mares; post-contraception, n = 97 births from 46 mares). Gestation lasts approximately 11–12 months in wild horses, placing conception at approximately 11.5 months prior to birth. Since the contraception program began in January 2000, foaling has occurred over a significantly broader range than it had before the contraception program. Foaling in PZP recipients (n = 45 births from 27 mares) has consistently occurred over a broader range than has foaling in non-recipients (n = 52 births from 19 mares). In addition, current recipients of PZP foaled later in the year than did prior recipient and non-recipient mares. Females receiving more consecutive PZP applications gave birth later in the season than did females receiving fewer applications. Finally, the efficacy of PZP declined with increasing consecutive applications before reaching 100% after five consecutive applications.

Conclusions/Significance

For a gregarious species such as the horse, the extension of reproductive cycling into the fall months has important social consequences, including decreased group stability and the extension of male reproductive behavior. In addition, reproductive cycling into the fall months could have long-term effects on foal survivorship. Managers should consider these factors before enacting immunocontraceptive programs in new populations. We suggest minor alterations to management strategies to help alleviate such unintended effects in new populations.

Read the complete article here: http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0013635

Posted for educational purposes only

Equine reproductive immunology Ph.D speaks out in 2010 against using PZP on wild horses

Posted on March 21, 2014 by Protect Mustangs

Native Wild Horses (Photo © Cynthia Smalley, all rights reserved)

November 27, 2010

Jared Bybee, Wild Horse and Burro Specialist

Department of the Interior

Bureau of Land Management

Billings Field Office

5001 Southgate Drive

Billings, Montana 59101-4669

VIA FAX: 406-896-5281

RE: Pryor Mountain Wild Horse Range Fertility Control Preliminary Environmental
Assessment Tiered to the Pryor Mountain Wild Horse Range Environmental Assessment
and Herd Management Area Plan May 2009 EA DOI-BLM-MT-0010-2011-0004-EA

Dear Jared Bybee:

Background

I appreciate the opportunity to submit comments on the Pryor Mountain Wild Horse Range
Fertility Control Preliminary Environmental Assessment Tiered to the Pryor Mountain Wild
Horse Range Environmental Assessment and Herd Management Area Plan May 2009 EA DOI-
BLM-MT-0010-2011-0004-EA. My background is in equine reproductive immunology and
wildlife conservation. I applaud the Billings Field Office of the Bureau of Land Management
(BLM) for a thoughtful approach to this issue. Cover letter 4700 (010.JB) dated November 1.
2010 and signed by James M. Sparks, Field Manager states that the BLM would consider
comments and revision to the EA or unsigned FONSI as appropriate. I urge a “no action
alternative” as outlined on page 7 and 8 of the EA. This request is based on two pieces of new
scientific evidence about effects of current immuno-contraception use.

Porcine Zona Pellucida (PZP) Contraception

The proposed action as stated on page 7 of this EA would exempt “mares ages 5-10 unless they
have produced foals, or are part of a large bloodline.” This is reminiscent of the approach taken
with the Assateague Island wild horse population. It is a compromise approach to this issue, in
comparison to placing all mares on PZP. However a recent study shows that mitochondrial DNA
diversity is low in the Assateague Island horse herd (Eggert et al. 2010). Since mitochondrial
DNA is inherited from the mother (mare), this is evidence that female inherited genetics on
Assateague Island wild horses is under represented. It is imperative that this be assessed before
rolling out a similar management plan for the Pryor Mountain wild horses.

There is a recent Princeton University study on PZP effects. Consecutive PZP applications,
analogous to the proposed action plan in this EA, showed that mares gave birth later in the
season, and were cycling into the fall months (Nunez et al. 2010). In a state like Montana where

freezing temperatures are found in the fall, this can have serious and long term effects on foal
survivorship.

I must include a statement on long term consecutive use of PZP. Any form of PZP contraception
is not completely reversible in mares depending on the length of use of PZP. Contraception can
only be reversed when the antibody titer decreases to 50-60% of the positive reference sera (Liu
et al. 2005). Mares treated for 7 consecutive years do not return to viable fertility (Kirkpatrick
and Turner 2002; Kirkpatrick et al. 2009). The issue of reversible contraception is very important
to be able to maintain wild equines in the United States. Long term treatment with PZP has
inherent negative potential for this herd.

I am requesting a new look at the proposed fertility control action for the Pryor Mountain wild
horses.

Sincerely,

Christine DeCarlo, Ph.D.

Lori S. Eggert, David M. Powell, et al. (2010). "Pedigrees and the Study of the Wild Horse
Population of Assateague Island National Seashore." Journal of Wildlife Management
74(5): 963-973.

J. F. Kirkpatrick, A. Rowan, et al. (2009). "The practical side of immunocontraception: zona
proteins and wildlife." J Reprod Immunol 83(1-2): 151-7.

J. F. Kirkpatrick and A. Turner (2002). "Reversibility of action and safety during pregnancy of
immunization against porcine zona pellucida in wild mares (Equus caballus)." Reprod
Suppl 60: 197-202.

I. K. Liu, J. W. Turner, Jr., et al. (2005). "Persistence of anti-zonae pellucidae antibodies
following a single inoculation of porcine zonae pellucidae in the domestic equine."
Reproduction 129(2): 181-90.

Cassandra M. V. Nunez, James S. Adelman, et al. (2010). "Immunoctraception in Wild Horses
(Equus caballus) Extends Reproductive Cycling Beyond the Normal Breeding Season."
PLos ONE 5(10): 1-10.

(Posted for educational purposes)

Appeal to stop the wild horse wipe out

Posted on March 13, 2014 by Protect Mustangs

Dear Friends of wild horses and burros,

Despite the fact that the National Academy of Sciences stated there is “no evidence of overpopulation”, a group with alleged funding related conflict of interest is pushing the sterilizant known as PZP on an uninformed public using the ‘it’s either slaughter or PZP’ scare tactic.

Today’s drug pitch is found in the Huffington Post: http://www.huffingtonpost.com/suzanne-roy/wild-horses-at-risk-of-sl_b_4934857.html It references population control experiments on the less than 48,000 acre Assateague Island in the East and lacks scientific comparison with the vast open range found in the West–where some herd management areas cover 800,000 acres or more.

Why did the coalition of several groups give up the fight for wild horses’ real freedom?

Freedom is the American mustangs’ right according to the Free Roaming Wild Horse and Burro Act of 1971. They should not be manipulated by man on the range nor in congressional back rooms. Native wild horses should never be domesticated through sterilizants with man choosing who breeds. That’s nature’s job in the wild. It fosters survival of the fittest.

The solution to the fertility control debate is to focus on what the wild herds need to thrive in freedom not what a campaign, driven by a sanctuary or the BLM, wants to achieve. We need good science to find solutions.

The BLM wants to eliminate the majority of wild herds to free up public land for toxic drilling so why is this coalition following BLM’s lead to push population control before science?

There is no accurate population count to justify roundups. BLM’s overpopulation claims are a farce.

What’s the solution for a falsified overpopulation problem? A reality check and good science.

Fearing extinction from excessive roundups since the 2009 public land grab for energy exports, America’s wild horse birthrate in the West is abnormally high. That should be a red flag that there is something seriously wrong with ecology on their native range.

The Chainman Shale deposit of oil and natural gas in northeastern Nevada and into Utah is about to boom. Exploration began around 2009 in tandem with vast roundups removing the majority of wild horses who have the legal right to be on public land. Some went to probable slaughter and others make up the 50,000 captives warehoused in long-term holding facilities at taxpayer expense.

America’s wild horses should live wild and free–not drugged up with “restricted use pesticides” passed by the EPA for pest control and unsafe for domestic horses.

We invite the public and elected officials to demand a 10 year moratorium on roundups for recovery and studies to develop good science for management. Wild horses are an essential part of the thriving natural ecological balance. They will help reverse desertification and reduce global warming by filling their niche on their native range.

Please sign and share the petition for a 10 year moratorium on roundups for recovery and scientific studies: http://www.change.org/petitions/sally-jewell-urgent-grant-a-10-year-moratorium-on-wild-horse-roundups-for-scientific-studies

Contact us if you want to keep America’s herds wild and free. Our email is Contact@ProtectMustangs.org We need your help in various ways.

Remember the herds are the lifeblood of our native wild horses. Due to underpopulation their genetic viability is in crisis today. American wild horses must be protected from experimentation and from domestication so they can always run wild and free.

Many blessings,
Anne

Anne Novak
Executive Director for Protect Mustangs™
www.ProtectMustangs.org

Links of interest:

Chainman Shale: http://info.drillinginfo.com/chainman-shale-could-it-be-the-next-big-land-grab/

One of the many pesticide fact sheets: http://www.epa.gov/pesticides/chem_search/reg_actions/pending/fs_PC-176603_01-Jan-12.pdf

Are wild horses going to be sterilized due to an advocacy campaign? http://protectmustangs.org/?p=6356

Washington Post reports: U.S. looking for ideas to help manage overpopulation http://www.washingtonpost.com/national/health-science/us-looking-for-ideas-to-help-manage-wild-horse-overpopulation/2014/01/26/8cae7c96-84f2-11e3-9dd4-e7278db80d86_story.html

The Horse and Burro as Positively Contributing Returned Natives in North America: http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=118&doi=10.11648%2Fj.ajls.20140201.12

Press Release: No proof of overpopulation, no need for native wild horse fertility control http://protectmustangs.org/?p=4453

Bogus Science and Profiteering Stampeding Their Way into Wild Horse Country http://protectmustangs.org/?p=4475

Protect Mustangs speaks out against the Cloud Foundation’s PARTNERSHIP with BLM using risky PZP that could terminate natural selection: http://protectmustangs.org/?p=4941

Wildlife Ecologist, Craig Downer, speaks out against using PZP in the Pryors: http://protectmustangs.org/?p=4178

Report unveils wild horse underpopulation on 800,000 acre Twin Peaks range: http://protectmustangs.org/?p=6278

www.ProtectMustangs.org
Protect Mustangs educates, protects and preserves native and wild horses. The nonprofit conservation group strives for a moratorium on roundups and science-based holistic land management to reduce global warming.

Are wild horses at risk of being sterilized due to an advocacy campaign?

Posted on February 20, 2014 by Protect Mustangs

The public needs to stop panicking and read everything they are asking their senators and representatives to do on their behalf

Is something in that form letter you received that you don’t agree with? Do you want wild horses sterilized using EPA approved restricted use pesticides? These pesticides are not safe for domestic horses so why are they being pushed for use on wild horses? Are you giving up the fight for their freedom to live in natural family bands?

Why is an advocacy group encouraging their supporters to write members of Congress–via click and send form letter–asking them to sign on to the pledge to sterilize wild horses (already in non-viable herds) when BLM overpopulation claim is false?

We found their pitch citing a quote from the National Academy of Sciences report in their form letter being circulated around the Internet. It reads:

“. . . Considering all the current options, [porcine zona pellucida (PZP) vaccines and GonaCon™ vaccine for females and chemical vasectomy for males] either alone or in combination, offer the most acceptable alternative to removing animals for managing population numbers . . .”

Even worse is the pledge they are requesting members of Congress sign and return the advocacy group’s office.

Senators and representatives will take that to mean you want “[porcine zona pellucida (PZP) vaccines and GonaCon™ vaccine for females and chemical vasectomy for males] either alone or in combination”. Is that what you want?

Or do you want a 10-year moratorium (suspension) on roundups for scientific research to investigate what’s the best way to manage the underpopulated herds of wild horses left in the West?

Why is this group pushing an elected official “pledge” to use “available fertility control” without scientific studies on population, migration, and holistic land management? What is going on here? Who is funding this scare-tactic-based campaign to sterilize America’s wild horses?

Why isn’t the group mentioning to Congress that the National Academy of Sciences report also said there is “no evidence” of overpopulation–why omit this?

Why hasn’t the group done any independent aerial or in-the-field research on population? Is it because it would not support the BLM’s faulty overpopulation claim?

See for yourself how many wild horses are left in the 800,000 acre Twin Peaks area during a recent aerial survey: http://vimeo.com/81195843 Read the scientific report exposing an underpopulation crisis on public land: http://protectmustangs.org/?p=6278

The group appears to know wild horses are not overpopulated. Recently they were quoted in an Associated Press article debunking the BLM’s overpopulation claim in comparison with livestock on public land.

Why then are they attempting to lead the public into blindly supporting a plan lacking good science–a plan calling for permanent and temporary sterility actions against indigenous wild horses?

Is the group eluding to a false risk of all wild horses going to slaughter if they aren’t sterilized?

Why create all the panic so people will quickly click, sign and share the pledge with their senators and congressmen asking them to “take the pledge” for sterilization, etc.? Is the public reading what they are signing on to?

Why is the group pushing for “fertility control”–using sterilizants passed by the EPA as “restricted use pest control”. Wild horses are a native species. How can restricted use pesticides be used on native species? Read more here: http://www.thedesertinde.com/Articles-2012/EPA-Calls-Wild-Horses-Pests–0511.html

Many other valid concerns about PZP were brought up in this 2010 article as well: http://www.horsetalk.co.nz/news/2010/10/220.shtml#axzz2tlL9dGaX More articles will be posted soon.

Are American wild horses becoming lab rats for immunocontraceptives for other species including humans? Read the reference section at the bottom this research paper: http://randc.ovinfo.com/e200501/yuanmm.pdf

How can man (BLM and others) decide which wild horses to sterilize on the range and who to breed? That would be the end of survival of the fittest and the beginning of domestication of the wild horse and burro.

Is the group’s paradigm flawed because it focuses on the individual wild horse and neglects to view the herd as most important–as the lifeblood?

Sanctuaries might need to sterilize wild horses because they have limited space but policy for native wild horses living in the wild should not be modeled after a sanctuary model–unless it is based on reserve design.

America’s native wild horses and burros are wild animals who benefit the ecosystem and fill their niche, reduce wildfire fuel, and help reverse desertification. They are not back alley cats that should be spayed and neutered because of an overpopulation problem. No offense to cats : )

The alleged overpopulation problem for wild horses and burros is a farce.

Now the question is–What do we do to save the wild horses from those who are pushing for risky temporary and permanent sterilization using EPA approved “restricted use pesticides” on non-viable herds?

1.) Sign and share widely the petition for a moratorium on roundups for scientific research. Good science will find real solutions to protect wild horses and burros on the range.

2.) Send an email to your senators and your representatives if you don’t want America’s wild horses to be sterilized. Let them know you didn’t read the fine print of the form letter you signed if that is the truth.

3.) Meet with your senator’s aides and your representative to request they intervene in the wipe-out of America’s wild horses and burros by granting a 10-year moratorium on roundups for scientific research on population, migration, reserve design, holistic land management, etc.

Remember don’t let anyone scare you into believing wild horses are going to be slaughtered if they aren’t sterilized. Fight the good fight for our symbols of freedom and our national living treasures–America’s wild horses and burros.

Links of interest:

Contact your senators and representatives: http://www.contactingthecongress.org/

Petition for a Moratorium on Roundups: http://www.change.org/petitions/sally-jewell-urgent-grant-a-10-year-moratorium-on-wild-horse-roundups-for-scientific-research

The Horse and Burro as Positively Contributing Returned Natives in North America, American Journal of Life Sciences by Craig C. Downer http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=118&doi=10.11648/j.ajls.20140201.12

American wild horses are indigenous: http://protectmustangs.org/?p=3842 and http://protectmustangs.org/?page_id=562

January 26, 2014 Washington Post (Viral) U.S. looking for ideas to help manage wild-horse overpopulation http://www.washingtonpost.com/national/health-science/us-looking-for-ideas-to-help-manage-wild-horse-overpopulation/2014/01/26/8cae7c96-84f2-11e3-9dd4-e7278db80d86_story.html

Ecologist Craig Downer speaks out against using PZP in the Pryors: http://protectmustangs.org/?p=4178

Why end natural selection in the Pryors? http://protectmustangs.org/?p=4941

The International Society for the Protection of Mustangs and Burros (ISPMB) study of wild herds shows that functional social structures contribute to low herd growth compared to BLM managed herds: http://protectmustangs.org/?p=6057

Public outraged over the EPA approving pesticides for NATIVE wild horses http://protectmustangs.org/?p=3866

GASLAND 2, a film by Josh Fox, the plight of wild horses is featured, http://www.gaslandthemovie.com/

Wild Horses and Renegades, a film by James Anaquad Kleinert, http://theamericanwildhorse.com/

EPA calls wild horses pests, Desert Independent http://www.thedesertinde.com/Articles-2012/EPA-Calls-Wild-Horses-Pests–0511.html

Protect Mustangs’ letter requesting EPA repair error classifying iconic American wild horses “pests” http://protectmustangs.org/?p=1191

EPA Pesticide Information for ZonaStat-H http://www.epa.gov/pesticides/chem_search/reg_actions/pending/fs_PC-176603_01-Jan-12.pdf

AVMA Reports: Vaccine could reduce wild horse overpopulation http://www.avma.org/onlnews/javma/apr12/120415k.asp

Wildlife fertility vaccine approved by EPA http://www.sccpzp.org/blog/locally-produced-wildlife-contraceptive-vaccine-approved-by-epa/

Oxford Journal on PZP for Humans and more http://humrep.oxfordjournals.org/content/20/12/3271.long
PZP research for humans http://randc.ovinfo.com/e200501/yuanmm.pdf

Wild horse predators: http://sg.answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20080302002619AADTWzh

Princeton reports: Wildlife and cows can be partners, not enemies, in search for food. http://www.princeton.edu/main/news/archive/S32/93/41K10/index.xml?section=featured

The star studded documentary by James Anaquad Kleinert requests a moratorium on roundups . . .

“It’s time to pick the torch back up and continue the fight. Never give up. We the people must take back the power for the voiceless wild ones we love!” ~Anne Novak, Executive Director of Protect Mustangs

Moratorium on roundups needed for scientific research before sterilization

Posted on February 15, 2014 by Protect Mustangs

“Currently there is no evidence of overpopulation but the runaway train for fertility control and sterilization bashes down the tracks,” explains Anne Novak, Executive Director of Protect Mustangs. “We request a ten-year moratorium on roundups for scientific studies on population, migration and holistic land management. Science must come first.”

Please sign and share the petition for a moratorium on roundups: http://www.change.org/petitions/sally-jewell-urgent-grant-a-10-year-moratorium-on-wild-horse-roundups-for-scientific-research

Cross-posted from the Sacramento Bee for educational purposes.

Panel: Sterilize wild horses to cut population

By Sean Cockerham
McClatchy Washington Bureau

Published: Thursday, Jun. 6, 2013

WASHINGTON – The federal government should do large-scale drug injections of wild horses to make them infertile, according to a highly anticipated recommendation from the National Academy of Sciences.

The report released Wednesday said the Interior Department’s strategy for wild horses is making a bad situation worse. The government has rounded up nearly 50,000 wild horses and put them in corrals and pastures.

More of America’s wild horses are now in holding facilities than estimated to be roaming the wild, in what the National Academy of Sciences called a failure to limit the animals’ fast-growing numbers.

The Interior Department’s Bureau of Land Management requested the report amid frustration and skyrocketing costs of the wild horse and burro program. The annual cost to taxpayers of the program has nearly doubled in four years to $75 million, with more than half going to costs of holding facilities.

The BLM says roundups and holding facilities are needed because swelling horse populations are too much for the wild range to sustain. Wild horse advocates say the issue is really about favoring the interests of ranchers whose cattle and sheep graze upon the public lands.

The National Academy of Sciences said a big problem is that the Bureau of Land Management doesn’t really know how many wild horses and burros there are in America, or their true impact on the rangelands. The report concluded that BLM is likely underestimating the number of wild horses in America and that their populations are growing by as much as 20 percent a year.

The independent panel of scientists that wrote the report said the agency needs a more defensible scientific backup for its decisions on wild horses, including consideration of the impact of livestock on the range.

“The science can be markedly improved,” said Guy Palmer, a Washington State University professor who led the panel.

The government’s roundups of wild horses are just making the population problem worse, according to the report. Shutting tens of thousands of horses in holding facilities means less competition for food and water on the range and more population growth, it concluded.

Leaving the horses alone to roam the range would lead to a competition among them for food and water that would meet the goal of cutting their numbers, according to the report. But “having many horses in poor condition, and having horses die of starvation on the range are not acceptable to a sizable proportion of the public,” the authors concluded.

The best alternative is a widespread use of fertility control measures, the independent scientific panel decided. They recommended chemical vasectomies for stallions and the injection of the contraceptive vaccines GonaCon and porcine zona pellucida for mares.

In contrast, Karen Sussman of the International Society for the Protection of Mustangs and Burros has been studying herds in her care for 13 years. The results show healthy social structures of wild horses control population.

ISPMB herds show that functional social structures contribute to low herd growth compared to BLM managed herds

As we complete our thirteenth year in studying the White Sands and Gila herds, two isolated herds, which live in similar habitat but represent two different horse cultures, have demonstrated much lower reproductive rates than BLM managed herds. Maintaining the “herd integrity” with a hands off management strategy (“minimal feasible management”) and no removals in 13 years has shown us that functional herds demonstrating strong social bonds and leadership of elder animals is key to the behavioral management of population growth.

ISPMB’s president, Karen Sussman, who has monitored and studied ISPMB’s four wild herds all these years explains, “We would ascertain from our data that due to BLM’s constant roundups causing the continual disruption of the very intricate social structures of the harem bands has allowed younger stallions to take over losing the mentorship of the older wiser stallions.

In simplistic terms Sussman makes the analogy that over time Harvard professors (elder wiser stallions) have been replaced by errant teenagers (younger bachelor stallions). We know that generally teenagers do not make good parents because they are children themselves.

Sussman’s observations of her two stable herds show that there is tremendous respect commanded amongst the harems. Bachelor stallions learn that respect from their natal harems. Bachelors usually don’t take their own harems until they are ten years of age. Sussman has observed that stallions mature emotionally at much slower rates than mares and at age ten they appear ready to assume the awesome responsibility of becoming a harem stallion.

Also observed in these herds is the length of time that fillies remain with their natal bands. The fillies leave when they are bred by an outside stallion at the age of four or five years. Often as first time mothers, they do quite well with their foals but foal mortality is higher than with seasoned mothers.

Sussman has also observed in her Gila herd where the harems work together for the good of the entire herd. “Seeing this cooperative effort is quite exciting,” states Sussman.

ISPMB’s third herd, the Catnips, coming from the Sheldon Wildlife Range where efforts are underway to eliminate all horses on the refuge, demonstrate exactly the reverse of the organization’s two stable herds.

The first year of their arrival (2004) their fertility rates were 30% the following first and second years. They have loose band formations and some mares are without any harem stallions. Stallions are observed breeding fillies as young as one year of age. Foal mortality is very high in this herd. Generally there is a lack of leadership and wisdom noted in the stallions as most of them were not older than ten years of age when they arrived. In 2007, a decision to use PZP on this herd, a contraceptive, was employed by ISPMB. This herd remains a very interesting herd to study over time according to Sussman. “The question is, can a dysfunctional herd become functional,” says Sussman who speculates that the Catnips emulate many of the public lands herds.

In 1992 when Sussman and her colleague, Mary Ann Simonds, served on the National Wild Horse and Burro Advisory Board, they believed that BLM’s management should change and recommended that selective removals should begin by turning back all the older and wiser animals to retain the herd wisdom. Sussman realizes that the missing ingredient was to stop the destruction of the harem bands caused by helicopter roundups where stallions are separated from their mares. “Instead, bait and water trapping, band by band, needed to be instituted immediately,” says Sussman. Had this been done for the past twenty years, we would have functionally healthy horses who have stable reproductive rates and we wouldn’t have had 52,000 wild horses in holding pastures today. BLM’s selective removal policy was to return all horses over the age of five. When the stallions and mares were released back to their herd management areas by the BLM, younger stallions under the age of ten fought for the mares and took mares from the older wiser stallions. This occurs when there is chaos happening in a herd such as roundups cause.

Sussman also believes that when roundups happen often the younger stallions aged 6-9 are ones that evade capture. This again contributes to younger stallions taking the place of older wiser stallions that remain with their mares and do not evade capture. She is advocating that the BLM carry out two studies: determining the age of fillies who are pregnant and determining age structures of stallions after removals.

Currently Sussman is developing criteria to determine whether bands are behaviorally healthy or not. This could be instituted easily in observation of public lands horses.

Taken from BLM’s website: “Because of federal protection and a lack of natural predators, wild horse and burro herds can double in size about every four years.”

White Sands Herd Growth: 1999-2013 – 165 animals.

BLM’s assertion herds double every four years means there should be 980 horses or more than five times the growth of ISPMB’s White Sands herd.

Gila Herd Growth:1999-2013- 100 animals.

BLM’s assertion herds double every four years means there should be 434 horses or nearly four times the growth of ISPMB’s Gila herd.

Sussman says that BLM’s assertion as to why horse herds double every four years is incorrect. The two reasons given are federal protection of wild horse herds and lack of natural predators. ISPMB herds are also protected and also have no natural predators, but they do not reproduce exponentially. She adds that exponential wild horse population growth on BLM lands must have another cause, and the most likely cause is lack of management and understanding of wild horses as wildlife species. Instead BLM manages horses like livestock. “According to the Wild Horse and Burro Act of 1971, all management of wild horse populations was to be at the ‘minimal feasible level’,” Sussman says. “When the BLM’s heavy-handed disruption and destruction of wild horse social structures is the chief contributing factor in creating population growth five times greater than normal, than the BLM interference can hardly be at a ‘minimal feasible level.’”

Sussman concludes that ISPMB herds are given the greatest opportunity for survival, compared to the BLM’s herds which are not monitored throughout the year. “One would assume,” Sussman says, “herds that are well taken care of and monitored closely would have a greater survival rate. Yet, even under the optimum conditions of ISPMB herds, they still did not increase nearly 500% like BLM herds.”

It’s time for a moratorium for scientific studies like Sussman’s. We need to help the wild horses and burros not harm them. Let us use science to guide us.

Report unveils wild horse underpopulation on 800,000 acre Twin Peaks range

Posted on February 13, 2014 by Protect Mustangs

Northern California/Nevada Border Twin Peaks Wild Horse and Burro Herd Management Area Aerial Population Survey November 26th 2013

Craig C. Downer, Wildlife Ecologist

Jesica Johnston, Environmental Scientist

Catherine Scott, Photo Journalist

Abstract from the report: An independent aerial survey was completed over northeastern California and northwestern Nevada for the Twin Peaks Wild Horse and Burro Herd Management Area on November 26th 2013. The objective was to estimate the population of wild horses (Equus caballus) and burros (Equus asinus) and to monitor the habitat recovery from the Rush Fire, which burned 315,577 acres in August 2012. The flight and pilot were arranged through the LightHawk organization.

During the aerial survey a total of 44 horses and 36 burros were counted along the 207 miles of transect strips within the Twin Peaks Herd Management Area boundary.

Using an aerial strip transect method, the survey estimates the populations of wild horses and burros in the Twin Peaks Wild Horse and Burro Herd Management Area as follows:

(a) 351-459 wild horses (includes some mules)

(b) 230-287 wild burros

Over 300 photographs and continuous video footage were taken during the flight. Photos were taken by Craig Downer, Jesica Johnston and Catherine Scott, and video footage was courtesy of pilot Ney Grant. All this was made possible due to the coordination and support from LightHawk.

See the video flyover here: http://vimeo.com/81195843

Click here to read the full report

Click here to see the photos

Craig Downer is a member of the Protect Mustangs Advisory Board.

Request a 10 year moratorium on wild horse roundups for science

Posted on February 12, 2014 by Protect Mustangs

Tibetan prayer flag depicting the Windhorse

Dear Friends of American wild horses,

In 2009 while I was working with Ginger at the Cloud Foundation, Cheryl Crow asked Obama to stop the roundups. Crow even went to the White House with Ginger’s Cloud DVD and a pitch to stop the roundups. She also spoke with Sec. Salazar on the phone. There was tons of national and international media buzz about Sheryl Crow asking to ‘Stop the Roundups’. Sadly it didn’t work to stop any roundups 🙁

Let’s join together and all ask for a 10 year moratorium on roundups for scientific studies (population, migration, etc.) I believe the National Academy of Sciences said more scientific studies were needed.

How can any member of Congress avoid looking like a sell-out and fool if there isn’t any scientific research proving there is an overpopulation of wild horses–compared to livestock–to justify mega-millions spent on roundups and warehousing?

Let’s push for Congress to use science to govern policy. Can we all get behind science and a 10 year moratorium on roundups? Then, we could have a chance to save America’s wild horses and burros.

The Internet is in our favor to spread the truth to voters. Just let the Senators’ and Representatives’ opponents know what they have been doing . . . 2014 is an election year!

Elections for the United States Senate will be held on November 4, 2014, with 33 of the 100 seats in the United States Senate being contested in regular elections whose winners will serve six-year terms from January 3, 2015 to January 3, 2021. Additionally, special elections may be held to fill vacancies that occur during the 113th United States Congress.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Senate_elections,_2014

The 2014 United States House of Representatives elections will be held on November 4, 2014. Elections will be held for all 435 seats, representing the 50 U.S. states. Elections will also be held for the non-voting delegates from the District of Columbia and four of the five U.S. territories.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections,_2014

All my best wishes,
Anne

Anne Novak
Executive Director of Protect Mustangs
www.ProtectMustangs.org

Email the team at Protect Mustangs: Contact at ProtectMustangs.org

Welcome to ‘frackland’: does a river have the right not to be polluted?

Posted on February 5, 2014 by Protect Mustangs

by Shannon Biggs 27 January 2014

Hydraulic fracturing for natural gas or ‘fracking’ is one of the dirtiest forms of energy on the planet. Halting its destructive impact requires regulation and community control, but also something much deeper: the transformation of relationships between society and nature.

Human laws have not forgotten nature, but neither have they protected it. Nowhere is this failure more apparent than with ‘hydraulic fracturing’ for natural gas and oil, an extreme energy extraction method commonly known as ‘fracking.’ Along with tar sands mining and mountaintop removal, fracking is one of dirtiest forms of energy on the planet, releasing huge amounts of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere according to the US Environmental Protection Agency.

Halting the destruction wrought by fracking requires new regulations and community controls over drilling, but it also involves something much deeper: the transformation of relationships between society and nature. Currently, human laws treat nature as mere property. In future, we must recognize that the ecosystems which sustain human life also have the right to exist, flourish and regenerate their natural cycles.

Some 400 million years ago, ancient aquatic environments dried up, cementing fine sedimentary deposits over the millennia into hard shale, which now lie two miles or more below the surface of the earth. Today, through technology developed by Halliburton and other corporations, along with plenty of industry-friendly political will and legal heft, these ancient shale formations represent the new subterranean playgrounds of the oil and gas industry worldwide.

Hydraulic fracturing is an advanced drilling technique that injects millions of gallons of water, sand, and toxic chemicals miles underground at pressures high enough to crack hard shale, thus releasing natural gas and oil that has been ‘trapped’ in its fissures. In the USA this technique produces 300,000 barrels of natural gas each day, and has pushed US oil output to a 25-year high. As Stephen Schork, puts it, president of the Schork Group energy consulting firm, “you can’t swing a cat without hitting a barrel of oil in North America. It’s amazing how quickly things can change.” As this map shows, pretty much everyone in the USA lives downstream from ‘frackland’ and the pollution it creates. Here are some ‘fracts’ that everyone should know:

* There are approximately 800,000 active oil and gas wells in the United States, hovering above some of the world’s largestshale formations.
* Unlike most industrial activity which takes place far away from sight, fracking occurs less than 200 feet from homes and schools, on federal lands, in densely populated areas, and on farms and ranches.
* It takes upwards of 400 tanker trucks to carry water and supplies to and from each well pad.
* Each fracking operation uses between two and eight million gallons of water, and each well pad can be fracked up to eighteen times during its lifetime. Nationally, fracking uses over 100 trillion gallons of water and 400 billion gallons of “frack fluid” comprised of up to 600 different chemicals.
* On average, 330 tons of these chemicals are used per fracking operation, and two-thirds of the most toxic chemicals remain underground. The millions of gallons of toxic waste water that are produced by fracking cannot be processed by wastewater treatment plants, so they are left in open pits. Thousands of these toxic stews were washed away during Superstorm Sandy and the recent extreme floods in Colorado.
* Fracking causes earthquakes, which are now common in fracked areas of Ohio, a state not previously known for its seismic activity.
* In theory, cement well casings protect the water supply by keeping toxins from leaching into aquifers underground. But research confirms that six per cent of these casings fail immediately, a figure that increases over time. Over one thousand cases of water contamination have been documented in frackland, and as the documentary film Gasland has made famous, methane leaks are commonplace, turning drinking faucets and showerheads into virtual flamethrowers.

If fracking is so destructive, why are oil and gas companies allowed to override community concerns and site new wells directly in their midst? This question gets to the heart of the matter about the legal rights of nature and of people.

In the USA, the Clean Air Act, the Clean Water Act, and similar laws at the state level effectively legalize environmental harm by regulating how much pollution can occur. Rather than preventing environmental destruction, these laws codify it, assuming that the best that can be done is to slow the rate of devastation. How else could we legalize the damming of rivers, the removal of whole mountaintops for coal mining, or fishing the oceans to extinction?

We codify our values in the law, and Western societies have treated nature in law and culture as a “thing” to be dominated – amoral, without emotion or intelligence, and lacking any real connection to human beings. In this way we justify and rationalize our exploitation of the natural world. Nature is seen as a possession or as property, rather than as a system that governs our own wellbeing. These ecosystems have no legal standing in most courts of law.

What do have legal standing are the energy corporations, which are in fact legal fictions on paper that can shield their CEO’s and their shareholders from liability for their decisions. By contrast, the communities in which the wells are located are denied the authority to say “no” to fracking, even as their health, safety and welfare are at risk each time a well is fracked. In many states fracking is unregulated, and in some areas it isn’t even monitored. Most communities aren’t notified that fracking is happening close by. Cloaked in constitutional protections, exemptions and well-greased political cover, the oil and gas industry stands on solid legal ground as it rolls into town.

Some communities, however, are beginning to change the rules of the game. Nineteen communities in six states (Ohio, Pennsylvania, New York, Colorado, New Mexico and Maryland) have successfully banned fracking by writing new laws that place the rights of residents and their local ecosystems above the interests of corporations. They join the ranks of 160 communities across the USA who have already banned other harmful practices, along with Ecuador, Bolivia and (to some extent) New Zealand which have recognized the rights of ecosystems at the national level.

Take, for example, the town of Mansfield in Ohio. In 2012 this community of 50,000 people was slated to receive toxic frackwater waste from Pennsylvania. Under state law there was little that they could do to stop it, since dumping unwanted fracking chemicals into “injection wells” in Ohio is legal.

Nevertheless, concerned residents proposed an amendment to the town’s charter that affirms the rights of the local population to decide if injection wells are allowed within its boundaries. Suddenly, a matter of local concern became a major political issue for oil and gas companies and their Political Action Committees or PACS, which raise money on their behalf. Corporate contributors poured in over $300,000 to pay for TV advertisements and glossy brochures sent through the mail, which were designed to frighten residents into voting against the amendment on the grounds that it would be a “jobs killer”.

The majority of Mansfield’s residents rejected this hype, reasoning that any jobs related to injection wells would not be as plentiful as promised, and that dumping toxic waste into the town’s industrial park seemed more likely to chase away new business than to attract it. As the town’s Mayor put it at the time, “We don’t like outsiders telling us what to do.” The amendment was passed with 63 per cent of the votes cast. Crucially, it subordinates corporations to the concerns of the community by stripping them of their legal “personhood” and other constitutional privileges, and recognizing the rights of natural ecosystems to be free from frackwater dumping.

In 1973, Christopher Stone, a law professor at the University of Southern California, published a famous article called “Should Trees Have Standing?” In it, he explained why it is so hard to think about the rights-less as having rights. Citing the struggles of Abolitionists against slavery and of Suffragettes in favor of votes for women, Stone’s article showed how every emerging movement to recognize such rights has been deemed radical, and perhaps even treasonous.

In the same vein, it may seem strange to argue that rivers and forests also have rights. But how different would it be in the world if the Amazon River could sue oil companies for damages, or if those responsible for oil spills could be forced to make the Gulf of Mexico “whole” once again, or if communities could be empowered to act as stewards for their local environments and ecosystems?

The movement for the rights of nature has seen its ranks swell in recent times, as more and more communities realize that the law does not protect them from harm. The connections between our bodies and the web of life that sustains them are made more real with every industrial accident and incursion. As Mahatma Gandhi once said, “First they ignore you, then they laugh at you, then they fight you, and then you win.” When it comes to the rights of nature, nobody is laughing anymore.

Cross-posted for educational purposes. Click on the original Open Democracy article to comment: http://www.opendemocracy.net/transformation/shannon-biggs/welcome-to-frackland-does-river-have-right-not-to-be-polluted

Study shows wild horse herds with functional social structures contribute to low herd growth compared to BLM managed herds

Posted on January 12, 2014 by Protect Mustangs

International Society for the Protection of Mustangs and Burros (ISPMB)

ISPMB’s president, Karen Sussman, who has monitored and studied The Society’s four wild herds all these years explains, “We would ascertain from our data that due to BLM’s constant roundups causing the continual disruption of the very intricate social structures of the harem bands has allowed younger stallions to take over losing the mentorship of the older wiser stallions.

Sussman has also observed in her Gila herd where the harems work together for the good of the entire herd. “Seeing this cooperative effort is quite exciting,” states Sussman.

Currently Sussman is developing criteria to determine whether bands are behaviorally healthy or not. This could be instituted easily in observation of public lands horses.

Taken from BLM’s website: “Because of federal protection and a lack of natural predators, wild horse and burro herds can double in size about every four years.”

White Sands Herd Growth: 1999-2013 – 165 animals.

BLM’s assertion herds double every four years means there should be 980 horses or more than five times the growth of ISPMB’s White Sands herd.

Gila Herd Growth:1999-2013- 100 animals.

BLM’s assertion herds double every four years means there should be 434 horses or nearly four times the growth of ISPMB’s Gila herd.

Karen Sussman has been riding horses since the age of four. She has spent the last thirty-two years working with wild horses and burros and has been involved in every aspect of the BLM’s Wild Horse and Burro program including: assisting in the development of a consistent training program for the prison training program, development of a volunteer compliance program for adopted wild horses and burros, a catalyst for the increasing fines from $2,000 to $100,000 for the death of wild horses or burros, monitoring fee-waivered animals in Montana. Sussman received the prestigious Health of the Land Award serving on the BLM’s Black Mountain Eco-team developing a gold-standard model for managing wild burros. She served on the National Wild Horse and Advisory Board in 1990-92

Secretary Jewell wants to push fertility control on native wild horses before scientific studies.

Posted on September 26, 2013 by Protect Mustangs

Sally Jewell, Fortune Live Media / Foter.com / CC BY-ND

The Live Chat transcript shows Secretary Jewell wants to push birth control and other methods before science.

The “birth control” The Secretary refers to is a restricted use pesticide, a type of PZP made from pigs ovaries, that is so risky it is not approved for domestic horses.

The National Academy of Sciences reported there is “no evidence” of overpopulation. Protect Mustangs is calling for a moratorium on roundups for scientific population studies. Why is Secretary Jewell pushing the pesticide?

Transcript:

>> GOOD AFTERNOON. I’M TIM FULLERTON AT THE DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR. WE WANT TO WELCOME YOU TO THE ROOF HERE IN WASHINGTON, D.C. WE’RE GOING TO DO SOMETHING DIFFERENT TODAY AND GIVE YOU SOME OF OUR GREAT PUBLIC LANDS BEHIND US WITH THE WASHINGTON MONUMENT. WE ARE FORTUNATE TO HAVE SECRETARY SALLY JEWELL WITH US TO ANSWER YOUR QUESTIONS OVER THE NEXT HALF HOUR ON A VARIETY OF TOPICS. SATURDAY WILL BE THE 20TH TIME WE HAD THE PUBLIC LANDS DAY, WHICH IS A BIG DAY ACROSS THE COUNTRY. HUNDREDS OF THOUSANDS OF PEOPLE VOLUNTEER. SO FEEL FREE TO USE THE CHAT ON THE SCREEN AND WE HAVE SOME E- MAIL QUESTIONS AS WELL. FIRST I WANT TO TURN IT OVER TO SECRETARY SALLY JEWELL.

>> THANKS TO ALL OF YOU FOR TUNING INTO THIS LIVE CHAT. IT IS DIFFICULT TO GET AROUND THIS LANDSCAPE AND SEE EVERYBODY. IT IS WONDERFUL TO HAVE COLLEAGUES LIKE TIM THAT FACILITATE TECHNOLOGY SO I GET A CHANCE TO HEAR FROM YOU ABOUT THE WORLD THAT IS THE DEPARTMENT OF INTERIOR. I WANT TO SAY ONE OF MY FAVORITE DAYS OF THE YEAR IS COMING UP ON SATURDAY. OVER THE COURSE OF A NUMBER OF YEARS, I HAD THE PRIVILEGE OF VOLUNTEERING ON OUR PUBLIC LANDS AND I WANT TO THANK THE NATIONAL ENVIRONMENT EDUCATION FOUND — FOUNDATION THAT STARTED IT 20 YEARS AGO SO THAT WE COULD CONNECT SO MANY PEOPLE TO OUR PUBLIC LANDS. I THINK THE VERY FIRST ONE WAS VERY SMALL. WE ARE LOOKING AT 180,000 WELL AND HERE’S — VOLUNTEERS. I WENT ON THEIR WEBSITE BEFORE THIS PRESENTATION TODAY. THEIR TAGLINE IS HELPING HANDS FOR AMERICA’S LANDS. I ENCOURAGE YOU TO GO TO THEIR WEBSITE, PUBLICLANDSDAY.ORG. YOU CAN SEE BY CLICKING ON YOUR STATE WHAT IS HAPPENING CLOSE TO YOU. I HOPE YOU WILL JOIN ME IN GETTING OUT AND DOING A LITTLE SWEAT EQUITY THIS SATURDAY. I GET TO GO TO ATLANTA OR I’M GOING TO BE WORKING ON THE MLK JUNIOR HISTORIC SITE. THAT WILL BE THE CHILDHOOD HOME OF DR. KING. WE’RE GOING TO BE DOING PAINTING AND MULCHING AND PICKING UP GARBAGE. MOST IMPORTANTLY WHEN YOU GET OUT CAN YOU CONNECT, YOU NEVER LOOK AT THAT SITE IN THE SAME WAY. YOU’LL NEVER LOOK AT DR. KING’S MEMORIAL IN THE SAME WAY IF YOU GET OUT AND YOU WORK ON IT. THAT IS TRUE FOR PUBLIC LANDS AROUND THE COUNTRY. I HOPE THAT YOU WILL JOIN, AS PEOPLE DID LAST YEAR, PICKING UP GARBAGE. I THINK WE HAD MANY TONS, 500 TONS LAST YEAR. 23,000 POUNDS OF INVASIVE SPECIES REMOVED. AT THIS TIME OF CLIMATE CHANGE, OF TIGHT BUDGETS, VOLUNTEERS MAKE A BIG DIFFERENCE. I HOPE YOU WILL GET OUT AND JOIN ME AND MAYBE TAKE A YOUNG PERSON BY THE HAND AS WELL. WITH THAT LITTLE COMMERCIAL FOR VOLUNTEERING, I WOULD BE DELIGHTED TO TAKE YOUR QUESTIONS. TIM, IF YOU HAVE SOME. FIRE WAY.

>> WE WERE INUNDATED WITH QUESTIONS. THIS ONE IS FROM VIRGINIA. ARE THERE PLANS TO INCREASE ACCESS AND BANDWIDTH TO SOCIAL MEDIA AND MOBILE PHONES THROUGH CELL TOWERS? DO YOU BELIEVE THIS IS A POSITIVE DIRECTION?

>> THANKS FOR THE QUESTION. NO QUESTION WE ARE ALL TIED INTO OUR MOBILE TECHNOLOGY TODAY. ALL CHILDREN ARE SPENDING TIME IN FRONT OF A SCREEN, AND I TALK A LOT ABOUT THAT, I ALSO KNOW MOBILE TECHNOLOGY AND TABLETS AND THINGS LIKE THAT CAN CONNECT US TO THE NATURAL WORLD. ONE OF THE THINGS WE ARE SEEING IN A NUMBER OF NATIONAL PARKS, AND WILDLIFE REFUGEES, IS INTERPRETIVE INFORMATION THAT IS TIED INTO GPS SATELLITES SEE YOU CAN UNDERSTAND WHAT YOU ARE SAYING. THE NATIONAL MALL IS ONE SUCH PLACE WHERE YOU CAN LEARN ABOUT HISTORY BASED ON WHERE YOU ARE WITH A GOOD MOBILE CONNECTION. WHILE IT IS NOT GOING TO HAPPEN EVERYWHERE, AND THERE ARE CHALLENGES WITH GETTING CELL PHONE COVERAGE IN SOME OF OUR REMOTE PLACES, I WOULD SAY THE DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR APPRECIATES THE IMPORTANCE OF TECHNOLOGY AND HOW PEOPLE INTERACT WITH THE NATURAL WORLD AND WITH EACH OTHER. AND SOMETIMES EVEN WHEN YOU AREN’T LISTENING TO AN INTERPRETIVE MESSAGE, YOU WILL FIND PEOPLE GATHERING AROUND TO LISTEN TO THAT SAME MESSAGE. I THINK IT IS A GOOD CALL OUT AND SOMETHING WORTH INVESTING IN WHERE THE BUDGET ALLOWS.

>> I WILL JUST THAT IF YOU ARE LAND ON SATURDAY USING YOUR PHONE TO TAKE PHOTOS, THESE USE THE #NPLD20, SO WE CAN GET OUT THE WORD. THE NEXT QUESTION, WE ARE GOING TO SHIFT TO THE BUDGET QUESTION RIGHT NOW. WE HAVE A LOT OF QUESTIONS ON THIS. THIS ONE IS FROM RACHEL. WHAT CAN WE DO TO KEEP THESE PLACES OPEN AND FUNDED?

>> I APPRECIATE THE QUESTION, RACHEL. IT HAS CERTAINLY BEEN VERY CHALLENGING. THE DEPARTMENT OF INTERIOR, AS WITH OTHER AGENCIES, HAS BEEN OPERATING UNDER A RESOLUTION WITH THE SEQUESTER THAT HAS FORCED TO BUDGET CUTS ACROSS THE BOARD. IN MANY OF OUR FACILITIES, WE SEE THE HIGHEST LEVELS OF VISITATION DURING THE SUMMER. OUR SEASONAL RANGER FOREST AND OUR SEASONAL WILDLIFE BIOLOGIST, A LOT OF TIMES YOUNG PEOPLE WHO ARE LOOKING AT BUILDING CAREERS HAVE BEEN HIT THE HARDEST BY THE SEQUESTER AND THE BUDGET SITUATION. I WOULD SAY ALL OF US NEED TO MAKE THE CASE FOR THE IMPORTANCE OF PUBLIC LANDS. AND THE GOOD WORK THAT IS DONE BY PEOPLE ON PUBLIC LANDS. ONE OF THE THINGS I SAY OFTEN IS WHEN YOU SEE A FEDERAL EMPLOYEE, GIVE THEM A HUG OR SAY THANK YOU. THERE IS A LOT OF NEGATIVE MESSAGES. I CAN TELL YOU THERE IS MANY HARD-WORKING PEOPLE THROUGHOUT THE FEDERAL FAMILY TRYING TO DO GOOD WORK FOR THE COMMON GOOD. FOR TRIBAL NATIONS ACROSS THIS COUNTRY. PUBLIC LANDS AND WILDLIFE AND THE DIVERSITY OF SPECIES AND ENERGY DEVELOPMENT AND WATER AND THINGS PEOPLE CARE ABOUT. YOU NEED TO GIVE BACK TO REGULAR ORDER IN THE BUDGET. WE ALSO WILL PLEDGE TO USE OUR RESOURCES WISELY. I WILL BRING MY BUSINESS EXPERIENCE TO BEAR TO MAKE SURE WE ARE SPENDING OUR MONEY EFFICIENTLY. CAN’T DO IT ON A WEEK TO WEEK BASIS WITH CONTINUING RESOLUTIONS WITHOUT STRATEGY.

>> THANK YOU, SECRETARY JEWELL. THE NEXT QUESTION IS FROM VIRGINIA. THIS IS FROM KEITH. HE IS ASKING WHAT ARE SOME OF THE WAYS THE DEPARTMENT CAN BALANCE ENERGY DEVELOPMENT WITH THE CONSERVATION IN ORDER TO PRODUCE ENERGY AND SUSTAINING OUTDOOR RECREATION?

>> I APPRECIATE A QUESTION. BALANCE IS A KEYWORD. WE ARE MANDATED BY THE VARIOUS LAWS TO BE THOUGHTFUL IN HOW WE USE RESOURCES, PARTICULARLY WITHIN THE BUREAU OF LAND MANAGEMENT AND OCEAN ENERGY MANAGEMENT. THAT IS ONSHORE AND OFFSHORE, WHERE OUR RESOURCES ARE DEVELOPED. BALANCE IS IMPORTANT. THERE ARE PLACES NOBODY WOULD WANT TO SEE DEVELOPMENT. YOU CAN THINK OF SOME OF THE ICONIC SPOTS AROUND THE COUNTRY, THE GRAND CANYON. YELLOWSTONE, YOSEMITE. BUT ALSO THE WILDLIFE REFUGE, WHICH THE PRESIDENT HAS MADE CLEAR IS NOT FOR ENERGY DEVELOPMENT AND YET THE NATIONAL PETROLEUM RESERVE OF ALASKA, WHICH WE ARE WORKING CLOSELY WITH TO OPEN A LOT FOR ENERGY DEVELOPMENTS. WE WANT TO BE THOUGHTFUL. ONE OF THE PRIORITIES I SET IN TERMS OF HOW WE BOOKED AT THE LAND UNDER OUR STEWARDSHIP IS DEVELOPING A LANDSCAPE APPROACH. UNDERSTANDING WHERE ARE THE RESOURCES, WHERE ARE THE SACRED SITES THAT ARE IMPORTANT TO OUR NATION’S FIRST PEOPLE? WHERE ARE THE AREAS THAT ARE CRITICAL HABITAT? HOW CAN WE LOOK AT THAT SO WE FOCUS ON OUR ENERGY DEVELOPMENT WHERE THE CONFLICT IS LOWER? WE CAN PRIORITIZE THOSE AREAS THAT ARE SPECIAL BECAUSE WE CAN SET THEM ASIDE. IT IS COMPLICATED BUT BALANCE IS IMPORTANT AND WE ARE COMMITTED TO BOTH. WE DON’T THINK IT HAS TO BE A TRADE-OFF.

>> THAT LEADS US INTO THE NEXT QUESTION, WE HAVE A LOT OF QUESTIONS AROUND CLIMATE CHANGE AND THE PRESIDENT’S PLAN, SO THIS ONE IS, WHAT IS INTERIOR’S ROLE TO PROMOTE THE PLAN?

>> I AM PROUD TO WORK FOR THE PRESIDENT, WHO STEPPED UP IN FRONT OF A NATIONAL AUDIENCE AND LAID OUT A CLIMATE ACTION PLAN. WE ARE FEELING THE EFFECTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE THROUGHOUT THE COUNTRY. CERTAINLY IN THE RESOURCES INTERIOR MANAGES, WHETHER IT IS HOT WILDFIRES, AS WE STILL HAVE BURNING, JUST INSIDE AND OUTSIDE OF YOSEMITE NATIONAL PARK. WHETHER IT IS DROUGHTS OR FLOODS. WE HAVE SEEN ALL OF THEM IN COLORADO THIS YEAR. OUR THOUGHTS ARE WITH PEOPLE IN COLORADO AS THEY DIG OUT FROM THE CHALLENGES THEY HAD. WE DO HAVE CHALLENGES IN WATER SUPPLIES. TOO MUCH IN SOME AND DROUGHTS IN OTHERS. WE HAVE MULTIPLE ROLES, AS YOU MIGHT IMAGINE, WITH ONE IN FIVE ACRES OF LAND. ONE IS TO POWER OUR FUTURE IN NEW WAYS. MY PREDECESSOR AND HIS TEAM DID A FANTASTIC JOB OF STANDING UP RENEWABLE ENERGY PROJECTS ON PUBLIC LAND. THESE ARE PROJECTS THAT CAN REALLY HELP POWER OURSELVES INTO THE FUTURE WITH RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES. THEY ARE BEING DONE IN WAYS THAT PAY ATTENTION TO THE IDEALS ON THE LANDSCAPE AS WE ARE DOING IN THE MOJAVE DESERT. AND THOUGHTFUL MANAGEMENT OF CONVENTIONAL AND UNCONVENTIONAL FOSSIL FUELS, WORKING WITH INDUSTRY TO DEVELOP THOSE AND TO DO THEM IN A MORE EFFECTIVE WAY IN TERMS OF REDUCED CARBON FOR THE ENERGY OUTPUT. CERTAINLY RENEWABLE ENERGY, CERTAINLY CONSERVATION OF RESOURCES AND PREPARING OUR COUNTRY AND OUR LANDSCAPE FOR THE REALITIES OF CLIMATE CHANGE. A QUICK EXAMPLE, HURRICANE SANDY, THE HUGE DEVASTATING IMPACT IN THE NORTHEASTERN PART OF OUR COUNTRY. WHAT WE LEARNED FROM THAT, AND WE CAN SHARE THOSE LESSONS, WHAT MOTHER NATURE KNOWS ABOUT RESILIENT INFRASTRUCTURES AND THE ABILITY TO TAKE THE LESSONS FROM MOTHER NATURE AND APPLY THEM OURSELVES. WE WILL BE DOING THAT IN HURRICANE SANDY MITIGATION. WE WILL BE USING YOUNG PEOPLE, WE ARE USING AN EDUCATIONAL OPPORTUNITY TO SHOW COMMUNITIES WHERE INFRASTRUCTURE WAS SOMETIMES WORSE FOR THE STRUCTURES BEHIND. GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE WAS SOMETIMES BETTER. JUST A LOT GOING ON IN CLIMATE CHANGE. WE HAVE A LOT TO LEARN AND TO SHARE.

>> IF YOU’RE LOOKING FOR MORE INFORMATION ON RENEWABLE ENERGY AND CLIMATE CHANGE IN GENERAL, YOU CAN GO TO DOI.GOV, AND GO TO THE WHAT WE DO SECTION. WE HAVE ALL KINDS OF INFORMATION THERE. AND IF YOU’RE JUST JOINING US, I WANT TO REMIND YOU WE ARE SITTING HERE WITH SECRETARY SALLY JEWELL, ANSWERING YOUR QUESTIONS ON A VARIETY OF TOPICS RELATED TO THE DEPARTMENT. WE ARE GOING TO STAY ON THE CLIMATE CHANGE QUESTION. THIS IS FROM JOHN IN OREGON. THE QUESTION IS, WHAT ACTIONS ARE PLANNED TO REDUCE CATASTROPHIC FIRES ON OUR PUBLIC LAND?

>> I APPRECIATE THAT FROM JOHN. I KNOW YOU HAD A SPECTACULAR SUMMER IN THE NOSE — NORTHWEST. INWILDFIRES ARE A GROWING ISSUE. WE HAVE BEEN WORKING WITH YOUR SENATOR AND WITH OTHERS ON CAPITOL HILL AND WITHIN THE ADMINISTRATION ON A LONGER-TERM FIX FOR WILDLAND FIRES. WE TREAT EMERGENCIES LIKE HURRICANES AND EARTHQUAKES AND FLOODS WITH EMERGENCY MONEY BUT WE TEND TO TREAT WILDFIRES WITHIN OUR REGULAR BUDGET. SO WHEN WE HAVE 10 SEASONS, WE END UP FOCUSING ON SUPPRESSION OF THE RESOURCE, PUTTING OUT THE FIRE. IT TAKES MONEY FROM OTHER PARTS OF OUR PROGRAMS, INCLUDING REMOVING HAZARDOUS FUELS. AS WE BECOME SMARTER AS A PEOPLE AND MANAGER, YOU REALIZE NATURAL FIRE IS IMPORTANT TO THE ECOSYSTEM. WHEN WE GO WITHOUT NATURAL FIRES, WE END UP WITH FIRES THAT ARE FAR MORE DEVASTATING. WE WILL BE CLOSING — WORKING WITH THE ADMINISTRATION ON A LONGER-TERM FIX THAT ENABLES US TO BE SMARTER ABOUT TAKING CARE OF THOSE LANDSCAPES, REMOVING FUELS, AND NOT HAVING TO PULL MONEY OUT OF THE BUDGET TO FIGHT FIRES. THE OTHER THING I WANT TO SAY, FOR THOSE PEOPLE WHO LOVE LIVING IN THE WOODS, YOU TAKE ON A PERSON RESPONSIBILITY OF MAKING SURE YOU ARE CLEARING HAZARDS AROUND YOUR STRUCTURE. SO MUCH OF MY MONEY GOES TO PROTECT THE WILDLAND URBAN INTERFACE. I WOULD ENCOURAGE YOU TO HELP US OUT BY REMOVING THE HAZARDOUS FUEL ON YOUR PROPERTY.

>> I SEE WE’RE GETTING A LOT OF QUESTIONS ON THE CHAT. WE’RE GOING TO START OFF WITH ONE WE HAD A LOT OF VARIATIONS ON, RELATED TO THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES RELEASING A STUDY ON YOUR WILD HORSE PROGRAM. WHAT DO YOU SEE IS THE FUTURE OF THE PROGRAM?

>> THE CHALLENGE OF HOW TO EFFECTIVELY ADDRESS A GROWING POPULATION OF WILD HORSES IS ONE THAT I KNOW A LOT OF PEOPLE IN THE COUNTRY CARE A LOT ABOUT. AND TEND TO SEND ME A LOT OF LETTERS AND ASK A LOT OF QUESTIONS. I APPRECIATE THAT. I APPRECIATE THE PASSION THERE IS. I ALSO KNOW WE VALIDATED WHAT THE LAND MANAGEMENT ORGANIZATION HAS BEEN SAYING. THE HERDS DOUBLE IN SIZE EVERY 3.5 YEARS. SO THERE WERE RECOMMENDATIONS WITH REGARD TO BIRTH CONTROL. IT IS AN IMPERFECT SOLUTION. THE BUREAU OF LAND MANAGEMENT HAS WORKED TO TRY THAT OUT. I HAVE ENCOURAGED THEM TO FIGURE OUT WHAT THEY CAN DO TO MANAGE THIS, WHERE WE CAN LEARN, NOT ONLY FROM THE NATIONAL ACADEMY BUT ALSO FROM THE PRIVATE SECTOR. ARE THERE MORE EFFECTIVE EARTH CONTROL METHODS INDUSTRY MIGHT BE ABLE TO RESEARCH THAT MAKES THESE THINGS MORE EFFECTIVE? WE HAVE A VERY ACT OF ADOPTION PROGRAM SO THAT — ACTIVE ADOPTION PROGRAM SO THAT IF WE ARE CHALLENGED, WE WOULD LOVE TO FIND GOOD HOMES FOR THEM WHERE THEY ARE EXPANDED BEYOND THE FEDERAL RANGE INTO THE PRIVATE SECTOR. FOR THOSE THAT ARE PASSIONATE, I WOULD ENCOURAGE YOU TO THINK OF CONSTRUCTIVE SOLUTIONS. THINK ABOUT OPPORTUNITIES TO WORK WITH THE PRIVATE SECTOR ON BIRTH CONTROL AND OTHER METHODS AND I WILL CONTINUE TO WORK WITH MY COLLEAGUES TO COME UP WITH A SOLUTION THAT IS A LONG-TERM SOLUTION. THIS HAS BEEN GOING ON A LONG TIME.

>> THANK YOU, SECRETARY JEWELL. THIS QUESTION IS FROM DAVID. THIS QUESTION IS, WHAT ARE THE DOI PRIORITIES IN REGARDS TO TRUST LANDS AND SHARING DATA WITH TRIBES TO RESTORE HOMELANDS?

>> I APPRECIATE THE QUESTION. I AM COMMITTED TO UPHOLDING OUR TREATY WITH TRIBES. WE HAVE AN ACTIVE EFFORT GOING ON AROUND THE KOVAL SETTLEMENT TO MAKE SURE THAT WE ACCELERATE LAND INTO TRUST. I THINK YOU WILL SEE ONGOING ANNOUNCEMENTS ABOUT WHICH AREAS WE ARE FOCUSING ON AS WE TAKE OUR RESOURCES AND CONCENTRATE THEM IN GETTING IT DONE. I DO KNOW WE DO NOT HAVE A PROUD HISTORY AS A GOVERNMENT OF POLICIES THAT HAVE BEEN HELPFUL. SOMETIMES THE OPPOSITE. WITH PRESIDENT OBAMA’S COMMITMENT, WITH MY PREDECESSOR TERRY, — MIGHT PREDECESSOR, — MY PREDECESSOR, WE ARE MAKING SURE WE ARE BRINGING THE WHOLE FEDERAL FAMILY TO THE TABLE TO UNDERSTAND WHAT WE CAN DO AS VARIOUS AGENCIES TO HELP SUPPORT AND ENGAGE IN A WAY THAT TRIBES WANT US TO. SELF-GOVERNMENT, SELF- DETERMINATION ARE VERY IMPORTANT. AROUND GIS MAPPING, WE ARE AT A TIME WHERE WE HAVE CAPACITY TO LEVERAGE MAPPING TOOLS ON A NATIONWIDE SCALE. ONE OF THE PRIORITIES I HAVE LAID OUT HIS AROUND THE LANDSCAPE LEVEL AND USING GIS TOOLS. SO I THINK YOU HAVE SPECIFICS ON HOW IT MIGHT RELATE, WE WOULD BE DELIGHTED TO SEE THAT. IT ALLOWS US TO GET DOWN TO A GRANULAR LEVEL. THE USGS, WHICH IS PART OF THE INTERIOR, IS THE FOCAL POINT FOR THESE TOOLS ON A NATIONWIDE BASIS AND THEY WILL BE WORKING WITH TRIBES. IT IS A GREAT SUGGESTION. I WILL ENCOURAGE MY COLLEAGUES THAT ARE DOING THE LAND TRANSFERS TO TAKE A LOOK AT HOW WE CAN LEVERAGE THOSE TOOLS.

>> I WANT TO REMIND EVERYBODY WE ARE HERE WITH SECRETARY SALLY JEWELL TALKING ABOUT NATIONAL PUBLIC LANDS DAY. IF YOU’RE JUST JOINING US, THIS CHAT WILL BE ARCHIVED AND WILL BE SHARED ON DOI.GOV AND ALSO ON OUR YOUTUBE CHANNEL. WE WILL ALSO REMAIN ON THE LIVE STREAM CHANNEL RIGHT NOW FOR THE NEXT COUPLE OF WEEKS SO YOU CAN WATCH IT AFTER THIS IF YOU WOULD LIKE. WE ARE GOING TO MOVE ON TO ANOTHER QUESTION RELATED TO PUBLIC LANDS DAY. THIS IS FROM JIM IN CONNECTICUT. NOT ONLY IS SATURDAY NATIONAL PUBLIC LANDS DAY BUT THE ANNIVERSARY OF NATIONAL HUNTING AND FISHING DAY. WITH ACCESS TO LANDS BECOMING MORE DIFFICULT, DO YOU HAVE PLANS TO EXPAND ACCESS TO PROVIDE MORE OPPORTUNITIES TO ENJOY THE OUTDOORS?

>> WELL, IT IS NONE — NATIONAL HUNTING AND FISHING DAY. AND I HOPE YOU MIGHT BE ABLE TO DO SOME SPORTSMEN ACTIVITY. THEY HAVE BEEN A CORNERSTONE OF PREZ — CONSERVATION FOR MANY DECADES. THEODORE ROOSEVELT RECOGNIZED HEALTHY ECOSYSTEMS ARE CRITICAL ON HAVING THE SHE’S — SPECIES THAT FUELED THE GREAT AMERICAN PASTIME OF HUNTING AND ANGLING AND CONNECT DUST TO THE LANDSCAPES IN WAYS THAT ARE NATURAL FOR US. IN MY PRIOR WORK IN MY OUTDOOR RECREATION INDUSTRY, I CAN TELL YOU THAT OUTDOOR RECREATION IS A HUGE DRIVER OF OUR ECONOMY. SOMETHING UNDER JUST UNDER $650 BILLION A YEAR. SO THANKS FOR THE CALL OUT ABOUT NATIONAL HUNTING INFINITY — FISHING DAY. I HOPE PEOPLE DO ENJOY THIS. ACCESS IS A VERY IMPORTANT PART OF WHAT WE ARE COMMITTED TO DOING. ONE TOOL THAT HAS BEEN HELPFUL FOR 50 YEARS IS THE LAND AND WATER CONSERVATION FUND. THAT IS SOMETHING THAT HAS BEEN VERY HELPFUL IN ENABLING US TO BUY EASEMENTS, FOR EXAMPLE, WERE SOMETIMES ARE JUST AS OF LAND THAT ARE CRITICAL FOR HABITAT AND FOUR SPORTSMEN’S ACTIVITIES. SO I ENCOURAGE YOU TO SHARE YOUR SUPPORT, TO TAKE A LOOK AT WHAT IT MIGHT DO WITHIN YOUR OWN STATE, AND IF THESE THINGS ARE IMPORTANT TO YOU, TO CONTINUE TO MAKE THE CASE TO OUR ELECTED OFFICIALS IT IS IMPORTANT WE SUPPORT THE FUND AS WE HAVE REQUESTED IN THE PRESIDENT’S BUDGET.

>> THERE IS A SITE CALLED RECREATION.GOV. FOR HUNTING, FISHING, AND ENJOYING THE PUBLIC LANDS. HIKING, BIKING, CAMPING. ALL OF IT IS THAT RECREATION.GOV. WE HAVE ANOTHER FIVE OR SIX MINUTES. IF YOU HAVE A FINAL QUESTION, SEND THEM IN. THE NEXT ONE IS FROM HARRY IN COLORADO. THE HAVE HEARD ABOUT THE 21ST CENTURY SERVICE CORPS AND HOW IT WILL PROVIDE JOBS FOR THOUSANDS OF YOUNG AMERICANS AND VETERANS WHO WORK ON PUBLIC AND TRIBAL LANDS AND WATER. WHERE DOES THIS FIT WITHIN YOUR PRIORITIES?

>> I APPRECIATE THE COMMENT ON THIS. I AM VERY COMMITTED TO ENGAGING YOUNG PEOPLE. THE CIVILIAN CONSERVATION CORPS, AT A TIME WHEN WE WERE IN WORSE SHAPE THAN WE ARE NOW, CERTAINLY ECONOMICALLY, WAS A TIME WHEN OUR COUNTRY CHOSE TO PUT PEOPLE TO WORK WHERE THEY CONNECTED THEM TO PUBLIC LANDS THAT WE STILL ENJOY TODAY. AND FOR THOSE YOUNG PEOPLE WHO WENT TO WORK ON PUBLIC LANDS, THEY NEVER LOST THAT CONNECTION. THIS IS A DIFFERENT TIME AND PLACE. BUT WE DO HAVE A NETWORK OF CONSERVATION CORPS ALL OVER THE COUNTRY. I HAVE WORKED ALONGSIDE A NUMBER OF THEM. THE 21ST CSC IS GOING TO BE DIFFERENT BECAUSE WE ARE IN A DIFFERENT CORE. WE ARE WORKING ALONGSIDE ORGANIZATIONS LIKE THE STUDENT CONSERVATION AND OTHER NETWORK MEMBERS AROUND THE COUNTRY THAT KNOW THEIR COMMUNITIES AND CONNECT PEOPLE YOUNG AND OLD TO THOSE PUBLIC LANDS IN AREAS THAT MAKE THOSE DOLLARS GO SO MUCH FARTHER. THIS WEEKEND IS A GREAT ILLUSTRATION OF ONE DAY IS ACTUALLY BEING DONE 365 DAYS ACROSS THE COUNTRY. INTERIOR PLAYS A MAJOR ROLE IN THIS. WE HAVE THE PUBLIC LANDS. REGULAR ORDER WITH THE BUDGET WILL ENABLE US TO PUT THE VOLUNTEER COORDINATORS IN PLACE. RIGHT NOW, ANYTIME THE SEQUESTRATION, WE HAVE MORE VOLUNTEERS THAN WE CAN PUT TO WORK BECAUSE OF THE WAY OUR BUDGET IS NOT WORKING RIGHT NOW. SO WE WILL BE GETTING BACK TO REGULAR ORDER, I HOPE. WE WILL BE FOCUSING ON HOW WE CAN LEAN INTO THE COMMUNITIES AND I KNOW FROM EXPERIENCE THAT WHEN PEOPLE, ESPECIALLY PEOPLE WITH LITTLE CONNECTION TO PUBLIC LANDS WORK ON THEM, BUILD A TRAIL, AT SHARK SURE, CLEAN UP GARBAGE, — A STRUCTURE, CLEAN UP GARBAGE, THEY WILL LOOK AT THE LAND, THE BUILDING THEY WORKED ON, I CAN’T THINK OF A BETTER WAY THAN THAT. WE WANT TO BRING BACK MORE YOUTH TIRING. I AM HOPING WE’LL GET PAST SOME OF THE CRAZINESS AROUND OUR BUDGETS AND WASHINGTON, D.C. AND THIS WILL BE A PRIORITY FOR ME.

>> JUST AS A REMINDER IF YOU’RE INTERESTED IN VOLUNTEERING, THERE ARE EVENTS ALL ACROSS THE COUNTRY. GO TO PUBLICLANDSDAY.ORG FOR MORE INFORMATION. THE NEXT QUESTION IS FROM CARL IN CALIFORNIA. WHAT IS THE DEPARTMENT DOING TO INCREASE ACCESS TO THE DISABLED TO OUR LANDS?

>> I APPRECIATE THE QUESTION. IT’S NO QUESTION WE WANT OUR LANDS TO FEEL WELCOMING TO ALL PEOPLE. AND WE KNOW THAT ACCESSIBILITY IS IMPORTANT TO A GOOD PART OF OUR PUBLIC THAT CAN’T ACCESS ALL OF OUR LANDS IF WE DON’T MAKE THEM ACCESSIBLE. IT IS IMPORTANT. I WAS GETTING AN UPDATE TODAY FROM THE NATIONAL PARK SERVICE ON SOME OF ITS EFFORTS AROUND FIXING THE CRUMBLING INFRASTRUCTURE, WHAT IS NEEDED TO DO THAT. ONE OF THEIR PRIORITIES WAS AROUND ACCESS. MAKING SURE THINGS ARE ADA ACCESSIBLE. IT IS A PRIORITY, IT ALSO TAKES MONEY. ALL OF THOSE THINGS WE ARE TRYING TO MAKE SURE THE FACILITIES ARE WELCOME AND ACCESSIBLE. THAT IS CERTAINLY GOING ON.

>> WE HAVE TIME FOR TWO MORE QUESTIONS. THE NEXT QUESTION IS FROM AUDREY IN FLORIDA. HER QUESTION IS, OF THE 15 DEPARTMENTS, INTERIOR RANKS ON THE LOWER SIDE FOR DIVERSITY IN THE WORKFORCE. WHY IS THAT AND HOW DO YOU INTEND TO CORRECT IT?

>> THANKS, I JURY. — AUDREY. I APPRECIATE HER COMMITMENT TO DIVERSITY. IT HAS BEEN INTERESTING TO COME INTO THAT APARTMENT AND IT MAY SURPRISE PEOPLE BUT I HAVE BEEN — SENSED A DEEP COMMITMENT AT EVERY LEVEL ACROSS THE INTERIOR. WE DO NOT HAVE AS MUCH DIVERSITY AS THE NATION IN THE DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR. WE DON’T HAVE THE BROAD AMERICAN PUBLIC ENJOYING THE PUBLIC LANDS IN RELATION TO THEIR MAKEUP OF OUR POPULATION. I BELIEVE PUBLIC LANDS NEED TO BE ACCESSIBLE AND WELCOMING TO THE WHOLE PUBLIC. PART OF THAT IS THAT THE FACE OF THE DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR. WHAT IS THE FACE OF THE SENIOR LEADERSHIP THAT IS CREATING ROLE MODELS AND ASPIRATIONS SO THAT PEOPLE DO SAY THIS IS A PLACE I WOULD LIKE TO BRING MY TALENTS? I HAVE HAD OPPORTUNITIES TO DIG INTO THIS TOPIC INSIDE AND OUTSIDE OF THE INTERIOR. AS I HAVE GONE AROUND THE LANDSCAPE AND MET WITH MANAGERS, NATIONAL PARK SUPERINTENDENT, BLM STATE DIRECTORS, I HAVE SENSED A CONSISTENT COMMITMENT TO INCREASING THE DIVERSITY OF OUR WORK FORCE AND MAKING SURE OUR COUNTRY IS MORE REFLECTIVE OF THE POPULATION. I WILL ALSO SAY, OUR YOUTH HIRING PROGRAMS, WHICH, BY THE NATURE OF THE DEMOGRAPHICS OF THE POPULATION, HAVE BEEN MORE DIVERSE. AS WE WELCOME YOUNG PEOPLE INTO THIS ORGANIZATION, THEY GET US ON THE RADAR IN THEIR THINKING ABOUT THEIR COLLEGE CAREER. THEY ARE DECIDING, WHAT DO I DO? MAY BE BECOMING A WILDLIFE BIOLOGIST IS OF INTEREST. MAYBE BECOMING A PARK RANGER IS AN INTEREST. OR A LAND MANAGER. THOSE PROGRAMS HAVE BEEN HIT. WE JUST HAVE TO GET PAST THIS SO WE CAN DO WHAT YOU EXPECT OF US. MAKE SURE WHEN WE ARE HIRING WE ARE REFLECTING THE COUNTRY AND WHEN PEOPLE VISIT, THEY SEE PEOPLE THAT LOOK LIKE THEM. AND THAT UNDERSTAND THE HISTORY AND CULTURE THAT IS SO RICH. ALL OF IT IS CERTAINLY IMPORTANT.

>> THANK YOU, SECRETARY JEWELL. ONE FINAL QUESTION FROM NEW MEXICO. THIS IS RELATED TO YOUR BE IN — URBAN PARKS. HAD YOU SEE THEM MEETING YOUR GOALS OF GETTING MORE PEOPLE OUTSIDE?

>> ONE OF THE MAJOR TRENDS AROUND THE COUNTRY IS URBANIZATION. WHETHER WE LIKE IT OR NOT, PEOPLE ARE MOVING TO CITIES. WHEN YOU COMBINE THAT TO HOW MUCH SCREEN TIME WE SPEND, HOW MUCH TIME OUR CHILDREN ARE IN ORGANIZED SPORTS THAT TAKES THEM AWAY FROM THE NATURAL WONDER OF EXPLORING THE OUTDOORS OR CREATING THEIR OWN GAMES, WE GET A DISCONNECT FROM NATURE THAT IS UNDERMINING ONE OF THE FUNDAMENTAL NEEDS WE HAVE AS HUMAN BEINGS, ENGAGING WITH NATURE. URBAN PARKS AND REFUGES, CITY PARKS, VACANT LOTS, ALL OF THESE THINGS ARE IMPORTANT TO A CHILD’S DEVELOPMENT. CHILDREN WILL INVENT NAMES IF YOU GIVE THEM A CHANCE. THEY WILL RESOLVE THEIR OWN CONFLICTS. YOU DON’T HAVE TO TELL THEM, IF THEY HAVE A CHANCE TO DO THAT. NATURE IS THE BEST CLASSROOM FOR SO MUCH OF WHAT WE NEED AS ADULTS IN LIVING TOGETHER IN A CIVIL SOCIETY. I THINK PARKS PROVIDE A GREAT SYSTEM TO APPRECIATE THE NATIONAL WILDLIFE REFUGEES, THE VAST LANDS OF THE BLM. EVEN IN INDIAN COUNTRY. IN TRIBAL AREAS, FINDING OPPORTUNITIES CAN — TO CONNECT IS REALLY IMPORTANT TO HISTORY AND CULTURE AND CHILDHOOD DEVELOPMENT. WHETHER URBAN, TRIBAL, CONNECTING YOUNG PEOPLE TO NATURE IS CRITICAL IN MAKING SURE IT IS CLOSE TO HOME, ACCESSIBLE WITH PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION, THAT IS IMPORTANT. FOR ALL OF YOU LISTENING, I WOULD ENCOURAGE YOU TO TAKE A PERSON BY THE HAND, BORROW ONE IF YOU DON’T HAVE AN YOURSELF, GET THEM INTO THE PUBLIC LANDS, IF YOU CAN GET THEM TO DO A LITTLE WORK, ALL THE BETTER. CONNECT OUR LITTLE PEOPLE TO THE GREEN WORLD WE ARE ALL A PART OF SO THEY CAN CARE FOR THESE PLACES THAT ARE SO SPECIAL.

>> THANK YOU, SECRETARY JEWELL. AND THANK YOU FOR TUNING IN FOR OUR SPECIAL CHAT WITH SECRETARY JEWELL. WE GOT SOME REALLY GREAT QUESTIONS AND WE WILL BE POSTING THIS ON OUR YOUTUBE CHANNEL AND ON DOI.GOV. AND IT WILL REMAIN ON LIVE STREAM THE NEXT COUPLE OF WEEKS. ANY PARTING REMARKS?

>> COME OUT AND PLAY ON SATURDAY. DO SOME WORK. PUBLICLANDSDAY.ORG. IT WILL TELL YOU WHERE TO GO. GOSH, WHETHER THE WEATHER IS LIKE THIS OR WHETHER IT IS POURING RAIN, THE NATURAL WORLD IS WHAT WE ARE ALL A PART OF. I WILL ENCOURAGE YOU TO GET OUT AND ENJOY IT. THANK THEM FOR WHAT THEY DO. IT IS NOT EASY TO BE A FEDERAL EMPLOYEE BUT OUR WORK IS IMPORTANT.

>> JUST AS A FINAL PARTING GIFT, WE HAD A PROJECT THIS SUMMER. WE ASKED YOU TO SUBMIT YOUR PHOTOS OF YOUR FAVORITE ACTIVITIES ON ALL OF OUR PUBLIC LANDS ACROSS THE COUNTRY. HIS RESPONSE WAS UNBELIEVABLE. — YOUR RESPONSE WAS UNBELIEVABLE. EVERY STATE. IT WAS AMAZING TO SEE THEM. WE ARE GOING TO LEAVE YOU WITH SOME OF THE HIGHLIGHTS WE HAVE RECEIVED. THIS IS JUST A ROUGH CUT. HE WILL HAVE ANOTHER ONE ON OUR YOUTUBE CHANNEL LATER THIS WEEK. THANK YOU FOR YOUR TIME

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