Taxpayer-Funded Experiments on Wild Mares Rip Out Ovaries Dripping in Blood

TAKE ACTION!

Write and call the President, your Senators, and Congresspeople to express your outrage against cruel ovary-ripping experiments on America’s last wild horses! Teach your elected officials and those running for office that wild horses are underpopulated, reduce catastrophic wildfires and are native to America.

Does the BLM have the right to use tax dollars for cruel research projects? Nope.

Take action to stop this cruelty! Do whatever you can. Hire a lawyer, write letters, lobby in Washington, make signs, rally to stop it and unite to stop the cruelty. Stand up for America’s defenseless wild mares who are being used in Nazi-like experiments for population control.

Notice the edits in the Bureau of Land Management’s video–They cut out sections of the mare showing extreme pain. This promotional video was paid for with your tax dollars too. What do you think about that?

Prayers Needed to Stop the Mustang Roundups!

America’s last wild horses are being managed to extinction right now. The Triple B Roundup (NE Nevada) is starting soon. Please sign and share the petition to defund the roundups and stop the helicopter stampedes. Click here: https://www.change.org/p/defund-and-stop-the-wild-horse-burro-roundups Thank you and do what you can to stop the roundups.

PREVENT Pre-Existing Deaths at Taxpayer-Funded Roundups

BLM Stampede = Death

The Triple B wild horse roundup starts after the 4th of July holiday weekend. More than 800 native wild horses will lose their freedom and their independence. They will be ripped from their families and chased from their home on public land in the last wild places of the American West.

What is a “Pre-Existing Death” at the taxpayer-funded roundup? These roundups are run by the Department of Interior’s Bureau of Land Management (BLM) who hires helicopter contractors.

Are all the broken legs or hoof injuries caused by stampeding wild horses for hundreds of miles in the 1,608,530-acre herd management area going to be categorized as “pre-existing conditions”? Are they attempting to cover up the truth when the Feds kill America’s legendary symbols of freedom?

Is the BLM trying to manipulate the death count to hide the cruel carnage?

Land Grab Roundup will Wipe Out Nevada’s Wild Horses to Make Way for Mining and Liquid Natural Gas Fracking

BLM plans on conducting a wild horse roundup in eastern Nevada
ELY, Nev. – The Bureau of Land Management (BLM) will begin a wild horse roundup near Ely, Nevada on or about July 8, 2019. The purpose of this roundup is to use taxpayer dollars to appease Cattlemen as well as the mining and Liquid Natural Gas (LNG) fracking industry, etc. There is no evidence of overpopulation it’s just a big fat greedy lie.

Wild horses torn from their family bands and homes on public land, will be made available for adoption or sale as a means of “disposal” through the BLM’s Adoption and Sale Program. In the past, the BLM has sold thousands of wild horses to alleged kill buyers such as their buddy who purchased at least 1,700 native wild horses to “use in the Mexican film industry.”

The BLM is claiming the population of wild horses in the proposed roundup area, known as the Triple B Complex, was estimated at 3,381 as of March 1, 2019 – more than ten times above the target population of 474-889 wild horses. Advocates who crunch numbers such as Marybeth Devlin find this impossible because wild horses don’t have litters.

After years of land degradation from overgrazing cattle and most especially sheep, the BLM and their P.R. division spin lies and fake news once again. They claim, “… By balancing herd size with what the land can support, the BLM aims to protect habitat for other wildlife species such as sage grouse, pronghorn antelope, mule deer, and elk. Removing excess animals would also enable significant progress toward achieving the Standards for Rangeland Health identified by the Northeastern Great Basin Resource Advisory Council (NGBRAC).” Know that the NGBRAC is made up of opportunists who want to cash in on the land, water, resources or government funding for the wild horse “problem”.

Of course, former Secretary of Interior, Ryan Zinke, has joined the board of U.S. Gold Corp., who is involved with mining and exploration of liquid natural gas, etc. Even the Elko Daily reports:

“The rapid transition from the highest levels of the executive branch to the corporate boardroom is raising questions about possible conflicts of interest.

It comes fewer than four months after Zinke left a cabinet position overseeing the country’s oil and gas, coal and other natural resources and those companies that profit off their extraction.”

Read more about Zinke’s alleged conflicts of interest here: https://elkodaily.com/mining/zinke-joins-board-of-elko-based-u-s-gold-corp/article_83ccde9d-edf5-5bde-a9c2-265d69c58a76.html

Keep in mind that Zinke, while in office, allegedly made deals to remove America’s wild horses from public land–to free it up for mining, fracking, water grabs, etc. Just #FollowTheMoney because now it’s so obvious as the public watches it play out.

Now here’s the funny part–the BLM has not proved to the American public or elected officials that there are “excess” wild horses on 1,682,998 acres of public land in what’s known as the Triple B Complex near Ely and Elko. After allegedly being seduced by big dollars, Zinke said there were too many wild horses while in office and therefore it supposedly is so.

Who suffers as a result of all this greed? The innocent wild horses do of course.

Roundups are cruel, period. Injuries and deaths are commonplace. Native wild horses suffer Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) after being chased by helicopters, stampeded into traps, then ripped from their families and their native land. Because the BLM views American wild horses are soul-less animals and pests, they don’t care and they lie to claim they do. The BLM strives to hide the cruelty from the public to avoid outrage that travels like wildfire–thanks to the social media.

The Triple B Complex is located in the BLM’s Elko and Ely districts on public lands administered by the Wells and Bristlecone field offices. The roundup may also take place in areas outside the Complex where wild horses have moved in search of food and water after being fenced out of their rightful access to food and water on public land. The BLM claims they will leave 2,581 wild horses in the Complex once the roundup is completed. The truth is the BLM inflates the population estimate to justify removing a high percentage in order to wipe out the majority of wild horses in the resource-rich Complex. The roundup is expected to last approximately 20-25 days at huge expense to the American taxpayer. Are you aware of how much money roundup contractors rake in?

The BLM states that members of the public are welcome to view the daily roundup operations, provided that it does not jeopardize the safety of the animals, staff or observers and that it does not disrupt gather operations. The BLM will escort the public to gather observation sites located on public lands. The BLM anticipates that viewing opportunities will begin on or about July 9, 2019, weather and logistics permitting. Those wanting to view roundup operations are asked to notify Public Affairs Specialist Chris Hanefeld at (775) 289-1800 prior to the desired viewing date to be added to the attendee list and to receive specific instructions on meeting locations and times.

Some high-tech behind the scenes horse advocates, who aren’t asking for donations, believe the BLM’s contractor “pre-gathers” and therefore stampedes wild horses much further than they would let the public know. Of course, the BLM and everyone in on the roundup game won’t tell you the truth.

The BLM is conducting the roundup under the DOI-BLM-NV-E030-2017-0010-EA Antelope and Triple B Complexes Gather Plan Environmental Assessment decision signed on December 21, 2017, when Ryan Zinke was the Secretary of Interior overseeing the BLM. Access the Decision Record and determination of the National Environmental Policy Act adequacy at https://go.usa.gov/xyYxj.

Once the roundup is underway, the BLM will post roundup reports and wild horse death reports as well as additional information on its website at https://go.usa.gov/xy2R7. For technical information, contact Wild Horse and Burro Specialist Ben Noyes at (775) 289-1836 or bnoyes@blm.gov.

WARNING: Wipe-Out Plan Exposed!

Traitors of the cause?

Are the big money animal and wild worse non-profit organizations in bed with BLM, Big AG, Cattlemen, the Farm Bureau, etc. to push for huge roundups and removals of wild horses and population control based on an overpopulation lie? Have they been using the overpopulation lie to fear-monger the public that it’s either death/slaughter unless their plan based on Pesticide PZP and other one-shot sterilization chemicals are used?

Now they have come out of the dark shadows and are asking the Appropriations Committee for close to $130 Million of your tax money for their “Plan”. It’s called “The Path Forward for Management of the Bureau of Land Management’s (BLM) Wild Horses and Burros.”

They want to cash in on Millions of tax dollars for big roundups–yes they are asking for roundups but calling them “gathers” to soften the cruelty. They also want heavy population control and to warehouse wild horses in pastures and private sanctuaries funded by tax dollars. Of course, these sanctuaries will request donations for admissions to see and photograph America’s last wild horses if they would even let you in. Right now for no admission fee, you can see wild horses living on public land–if you can find them. Of course, overpopulation is a lie.

Their conflict of interest is obvious. The supposed “steak-holders” are selling out America’s last wild horses and it’s disgusting. One is the registrant of Pesticide PZP (see photo below) pushing for population control chemicals. It seems they would like to corner the market and run the wild horse and burro program. Another is a nonprofit organization who it seems received more than 400,000 from the Feds in a population control experiment on wild horses years ago using Pesticide PZP, etc. And the list goes on. . .

Yes, it true. These animal and wild horse nonprofits are in bed with BLM’s plan to get rid of America’s last wild horses because as Robert Redford said it’s about the competition for “resources” on public land. Ask yourself, “Who is really funding the wipe-out?

Keep in mind these organizations selling out don’t represent the American public who wants America’s last wild horses to be treated fairly and left alone to live in freedom and in peace. Nope. These groups were cherry-picked because they seem to share a greedy thirst for money!  Many other nonprofit organizations, experts and scientists weren’t invited to the roundtable intentionally to avoid opposition to this heinous plan. . .

Remember members of the plan have paid lobbyists working behind the scenes–greasing palms to get what they want. With the 2020 elections coming up there are a lot of hungry politicians who need campaign funding so this is a bad time for wild horses who are being sold out by lobbyists and those who hired them.

Below is the list of those who authored the plan asking for large roundups and removals, to hold wild horses in private sanctuaries funded by tax dollars, run adoptions, sterilize wild horses, leave a few photo ops on public land as part of a cruel breed control experiment, etc. and ultimately taking away their freedom to be wild based on the overpopulation lie to fuel their cash-cow. The question is, what is their cash cow and why is the State of Utah such a big player in the national wild horse wipe-out plan?

ASPCA

American Farm Bureau Federation

Society for Range Management

Humane Society Legislative Fund

Public Lands Council

Return to Freedom Wild Horse Conservation

National Horse and Burro Rangeland Management Coalition

Eureka County, NV County Commission Office

Humane Society of the United States

National Cattlemen’s Beef Association

Beaver County, UT County Commission Office

American Mustang Foundation

Utah Governor Office

You can read their horrid plan ‘s Wild Horses & Burros

Gonacon™ and other sterilization methods will be used.

The Big Ag groups who signed onto the plan aren’t betraying their members because their position against wild horses has been clear for a long time. Do they have more integrity than greedy animal and wild horse nonprofits who have been fooling the public for decades? Have these animal and wild horse groups always been working behind the scenes to round up and control America’s last free-roaming wild horses and burros?

Pay attention to what you read, see hear. . . Be a voice for the voiceless wild horses and burros who need you!

Take a Stand! Sign and share the petition for a headcount of America’s last wild horses and burros: https://www.change.org/p/u-s-senate-investigate-the-wild-horse-burro-count-in-captivity-and-freedom Debunk the overpopulation myth to protect America’s last wild horses.

Remember the traitors are asking for more big roundups. Never forget they are trying to cash in on the overpopulation lie, cash in on your tax money and ask for more roundups.

For the Wild Ones,

Anne Novak

Please Share this important Petition to Defund the Roundups: https://www.change.org/p/defund-and-stop-the-wild-horse-burro-roundups

Video reveals truth about California wild horses before the roundup

Photo by the U.S. Forest Service

Watch this video on Devil’s Garden to know what was going on out there before the huge roundup started to destroy the Devil’s Garden herd.

The roundup is a sham and a waste of taxpayer dollars.

Are they counting rocks as horses?

U.S. Forest Service photo

The Devil’s Garden Roundup in Modoc County is in full force with one of the last big California herds being attacked. Where’s the accurate headcount? Are they counting rocks as horses to justify a massive removal and destruction of native wild horses?

Take Action: Sign and share the Petition for a Head Count: https://www.change.org/p/u-s-senate-investigate-the-wild-horse-burro-count-in-captivity-and-freedom

Do what you can to STOP the Roundup!

Investigate the Wild Horse & Burro Count in Captivity and in Freedom

Demand an Urgent Congressional Investigation and Head Count of all Wild Horses and Burros in Captivity and in the Wild

Sign and share the petition for a head count! Click here: https://www.change.org/p/u-s-senate-investigate-the-wild-horse-burro-count-in-captivity-and-freedom

The BLM’s outrageous plan to manage America’s last wild horses to extinction is here: https://drive.google.com/file/d/1gSdoDdQvvMSjCXrV5ORD6wLPp9Koe1Cf/view

Secret documents reveal the plot from 2008 to kill and dispose of America’s wild horses and burros. Read the documents here: http://protectmustangs.org/?p=9850
Then on September 9, 2016, the Bureau of Land Management’s Wild Horse & Burro Advisory Board voted to kill the alleged 45,000 wild horses in taxpayer funded holding facilities and pastures. Do they want to cover-up the fraud that has been going on for years by killing the evidence?

Taxpayers and the general public want to know:

How much fraud has been committed regarding the wild horse and burro count on public land and in corrals?
How many budgets were approved using fraudulent information?
How many wild horses have gone to slaughter?
How many wild horses and burros have been shot and killed?
How many unbranded foals did the kill-buyers get to sell overseas?

We request an immediate Congressional investigation and independent head count, with photo IDs, of the alleged 45,000 wild horses and burros rounded up and held in captivity–at taxpayer expense.

In addition, we call for an immediate moratorium on roundups, transport and removals for a precise independent count, with photo ID, of all the federally protected wild horses and burros in the wild. This must occur before any more wild horses or burros are rounded up and/or transported, trapped, chipped, collared, removed, sterilized, given pesticide PZP, GonaCon®, SpayVac, IUDs, etc., researched or experimented on in any manner to prevent further fraud against taxpayers as well as prevent abuse against wild horses and burros who should be protected from harassment and abuse by law.

We request a complete inventory of American wild horses and burros at the following locations:
Every Herd Management Area
Every Herd Area
Every “Complex”
Every Wild Horse Territory
Every temporary holding facility
Every short-term holding facility
Every long-term holding facility, pasture, eco-sanctuary, etc.
Mustang Heritage Foundation facilities and all equids in their program
TIP Trainers’ facilities
All private contractors’ facilities
Research facilities
Any other locations where wild horses and burros are held in captivity and/or live on public land.

The public, voters of America and taxpayers are outraged and demand immediate action. Thank you.

BLM invites public to tour Fallon wild horse corral

 

From a BLM press release: 

RENO, Nev. —The Bureau of Land Management will host a public tour of the Indian Lakes Off-Range Wild Horse and Burro Corral in Fallon, Nevada, on Friday, May 11. The corral is one of three facilities in Nevada that cares for wild horses and burros waiting to be adopted or purchased.

The privately owned and operated corral is located at 5676 Indian Lakes Road, Fallon, about a 90-minute drive east of Reno. The public tour will begin at 10 a.m. and will last about one hour and accommodate up to 20 people. Tour attendees will be taken as a group by wagon around the facility to learn about it, the animals and BLM’s Wild Horse and Burro Program. Attendees should wear comfortable shoes and clothes; hats and sunscreen are recommended, and photography is welcome. On-site portable toilets will be available.

The Indian Lakes Corral can provide care for up to 3,200 wild horses or burros. The facility encompasses 320 acres containing 43 large holding pens, each measuring 70,000 square feet that will safely hold about 100 horses. The horses receive an abundance of feed tailored to their needs each day, along with a constant supply of fresh water through automatic watering troughs. Free choice mineral block supplements are also provided to the animals in each pen. A veterinarian routinely inspects the horses and provides necessary veterinary care as needed.

Horses at the Indian Lakes facility are made available to the public for adoption or purchase throughout the year at off-site adoption events and through BLM’s online program. For more information on upcoming events and opportunities, visit https://go.usa.gov/xnKq3.

To register for the tour or to get driving directions to the facility, please contact the BLM at (775) 475-2222.

Collapse Of Large-Bodied Herbivore Populations and Emergence Of Catastrophic Wildfire

An open letter to the officials and legislators of all western states and counties:

By: Capt. William E. Simpson II

By way of an explanation for my persistence in this matter aside from the health, safety and welfare issues related to the exigent risk of catastrophic wildfire in an around western states and counties, I offer the following:

If Americans began the evaluation of any project under the premise that it can’t be done or it will be really hard and therefore made no effort, America would still be in a pre-industrial condition. In fact all meaningful innovation nevertheless occurs in the face of many obstacles, including but not limited to the lack of money, personnel, assets or contrary legislation. Is there any reason why we should hold ourselves, our counties or our states to a lower standard that the one set by leading entrepreneurs?

Recently, Jackson County Oregon Commissioner Colleen Roberts joined many other Oregon politicians and many scientists in publicly endorsed the use of wild horses for natural ground fuel control of grass and brush in difficult access and suppression areas.

With that said, and notwithstanding any potential hurdles, there are undeniable truths that clearly point to a relatively simple and effective ground-fuels mitigation tool (not a silver bullet) for making certain areas around our county more fire resistant. And the foundation of this proposal and concept is supported by hard, well established science and empirical evidence cited therein and at the end herein below.
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Catastrophic Wildfire: Genesis And Mitigation

The relatively recent evolution of worsening catastrophic wildfire trends, including megafire, is a function of many factors including but not limited to past forestry practices, climate change producing more rain in western U.S. forest landscapes and the resulting prodigious amounts of annual grasses and brush (‘ground fuels’), which is then subjected to longer warmer summers. These excessive hazardous ground fuels in and around forests and the wild-land urban interface are the result of reduced grazing by significant declines in deer populations. In and around western forest landscapes, deer have a critical mutualistic role in protecting forests by maintaining ground fuels at nominal levels. However with the advent of the recent decline in western deer populations many millions of tons of annually occurring grass and brush remains intact as un-grazed ground fuel. Much of this excessive ground fuel is in very remote and virtually inaccessible wilderness areas where rugged terrain and numerous apex predators make traditional ground fuel abatement methods, including livestock grazing impractical if not impossible. One novel approach to dealing with this ground fuel problem and thereby creating more fire-resilient forests is posited by the reintroduction of native-species herbivores (American wild horses) to substitute for seriously depleted deer and thereby reestablishing nominal ground fuel loads via grazing. Such a plan fits within the scope of both established foundational science and common-sense, as well as the intent and purpose of established and pending Law providing local and state governments with the acquisition of wild horses from corrals; ‘excess animals’. https://www.congress.gov/bill/115th-congress/house-bill/3354 – Section 114 – transfer of excess animals.

In light of the foundational science [1] in regard to the evolution of catastrophic wildfire in areas where populations of large-bodied herbivores that normally graze ground fuels have become depleted, the reintroduction of substitute large-bodied herbivores is logical and provides a mechanism for natural ground fuel control. Clearly the reduction of ground fuels by grazing herbivores creates and maintains fire resistant landscapes. In many western states where deer have suffered significant population depletions we now coincidentally observe trending catastrophic wildfires. Therefore the reintroduction of large-bodied herbivores such as the readily available wild horses in the BLM corrals offers the potential to cost-effectively repopulate missing herbivores at least or until deer populations are recovered.

A pilot study seems logical if wild horses were carefully allocated into deer-depleted areas in and around remote forest areas with difficult terrain and access issues. Such areas consistently present great difficulty for conventional ground fuel abatement methods and in many cases such methods are impractical or impossible. Furthermore, areas with difficult access and terrain present great challenges and risks for personnel and greatly increased costs for fire suppression. In these particular areas focusing upon prevention seems prudent via an ongoing natural method of ground fuel mitigation via large bodied herbivores such as wild horses.

Wild equids seem to be the optimal herbivore for rebuilding fire damaged soils due to their simple monogastric digestive system. Manure from wild horses adds hummus, nutrients and microorganisms as well providing redistribution of native plant seeds intact across the landscape to a much greater percentage than any other herbivores, such as ruminants with complex digestive systems. (http://www.deerfriendly.com/wildfire/-fire-grazing-impact-of-wild-horses-vs-livestock-on-wildfire-regime)

We have testimony of empirical evidence of the efficacy of the concept in hand, to wit:

“ I still like the idea of the horse and I would love to see a controlled area with them to really see what they are capable of. I have seen the work they have done on your property and it looked good but spotty with the low numbers they have. Additionally I really think they have a place in the fuel reduction world.” ~ ODF fire fighter Cascade-Siskiyou National Forest.

Wild Horse Grazing Pilot:

Federal, state and/or county authorities can identify areas meeting certain criteria including; remote/difficult access areas with potential for re-burn on fire scars, areas with exigent risk to forest products (timber, new production and restoration protection) and protection for fragile forest ecosystems at risk for catastrophic wildfire. Once an area is identified the carrying capacity of the land (based on soils classes) is established. The total carrying capacity would include and be adjusted for the existing populations of large herbivores (deer-elk), and then add enough wild horses to match 50% of the total estimated carrying capacity. Carrying capacity varies with soil class and the ability of soils to support plant growth annually. Fire scorched soils have reduced carrying capacities for grazing due to the pasteurization (death of beneficial microorganisms) of soils and sublimation of minerals and mineral analogs. The optimal herbivore for rebuilding fire damaged soils is a wild horse due to its simple monogastric digestive system. The manure from wild horses adds hummus, nutrients, microorganisms as well redistribution of native plant seeds intact across the landscape. ( https://www.horsetalk.co.nz/2018/01/08/fire-grazing-wild-horses-better-cattle )

Wild horses should only be used in and around remote areas that are unsuited to livestock grazing and/or mechanical ground fuel abatement methods. Such unsuited areas for livestock would include (i) fragile ecosystems, (ii) recently burned areas containing scorched (pasteurized soils) and or (iii) areas of difficult terrain/access and or high predator levels making them unsuited for livestock and range management methods. Fire and landscape ecologists along with an appointed wild horse ecologist would monitor their humane deployment and efficacy in pilot areas during a 48-month period, ideally in several locations.

Using established monitoring programs for deer and elk, wild horses can be studied in their assigned forest ecosystems. The areas selected would be surveilled periodically with considerations of pre and post deployment effects of wild horses upon annually recurring grasses/brush ground fuels and forest landscapes. It is expected that as natural prey of mountain lions wild horse numbers would be reduced by some percentage annually in this natural process. Therefore at some point breeding populations with intact stallions would be required to maintain a balance until booming apex predator populations can be brought under control and deer populations re-established to historic levels.

Potential Pilot Areas And Proposed Allocations:

1: Rogue-River Siskiyou National Forest (Kalmiopsis Wilderness Area, ~180,000 acres in Curry County, OR); very remote rugged terrain; site of multiple catastrophic wildfires; proposed allocation one (1) horse per 300-acres.
2. Six Rivers National Forest (~1-million acres in Siskiyou County, CA); very remote rugged terrain; site of multiple catastrophic wildfires; allocation one (1) horse per 300-acres.
3. Cascade-Siskiyou National Monument (~58,000 acres in Jackson County, OR); semi-remote fragile forest ecosystem in difficult terrain; heavy ground fuel loading; proposed allocation one (1) horse per 100-acres.
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[1] Collapse of the world’s largest herbivores
William J. Ripple1,*, Thomas M. Newsome1,2, Christopher Wolf1, Rodolfo Dirzo3, Kristoffer T. Everatt4, Mauro Galetti5, Matt W. Hayward4,6, Graham I. H. Kerley4, Taal Levi7, Peter A. Lindsey8,9, David W. Macdonald10, Yadvinder Malhi11, Luke E. Painter7,
Christopher J. Sandom10, John Terborgh12 and Blaire Van Valkenburgh13
1Trophic Cascades Program, Department of Forest Ecosystems and Society, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
2Desert Ecology Research Group, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia. 3Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. 4Centre for African Conservation Ecology, Department of Zoology, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, Port Elizabeth 6031, South Africa. 5Departamento de Ecologia, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), C.P. 199, Rio Claro, São Paulo 13506-900, Brazil. 6College of Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Thoday Building, Deiniol Road, Bangor, Gwynedd LL572UW, UK. 7Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA. 8Lion Program, Panthera, 8 West 40th Street, 18th Floor, New York, NY 10018, USA. 9Mammal Research Institute, Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, Gauteng 0001, South Africa. 10Wildlife Conservation Research Unit, Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Recanati-Kaplan Centre, Tubney House, Tubney, Abingdon OX13 5QL, UK. 11Environmental Change Institute, School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QY, UK. 12Nicholas School of the Environment and Earth Sciences, Duke University, P. O. Box 90381, Durham, NC 27708, USA. 13Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095–7239, USA.

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Capt. William E. Simpson II – USMM Ret.
Member: Authors Guild
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Contently: https://captbill.contently.com/

Protect Mustangs is a 501(c)3 nonprofit organization dedicated to protect and preserve native and wild horses